医学英语综合教程Unit 1 Anatomy

MedicalEnglish—AnIntegratedCourseUnit1AnatomyUnit1AnatomyBrain-storming1WordsandText2TranslationinMedicalLiterature(timepermitted)3Assignment:After-classListening,ReadingandWriting5OralPresentation4Brainstorming•1.Whatisanatomy?•Anatomyisthestudyofthestructureofanimalsandtheirparts,andisalsoreferredtoaszootomy(动物解剖学)toseparateitfromhumananatomy.Brainstorming•2.Subdivisionsofanatomy?•1).Grossanatomy大体解剖学•a.surfaceanatomy表面解剖学•b.regionalanatomy局部解剖学•c.systemicanatomy系统解剖学•2).Microscopicanatomy显微解剖学•a.cytology细胞学•b.histology组织学•3).Otheranatomy•a.developmentalanatomy发育解剖学embryology胚胎学•b.comparativeanatomy比较解剖学•c.clinicalanatomyIV.WordFormation•Lead-in•词根（root）&词缀（affix）International•词根是英语语言中不能再分的最小单位,能代表一个完整的意思并独立存在,称为root.•例如:nation,art,face,view等等•词缀是指加在词根之前或之后的一个最小语素,它也有一定意义,但是不能独立存在,必须依附于词根.可分为前缀(加在词根之前)和后缀(加在词根之后).•一般前缀改变词义,后缀改变词性.IV.WordFormation•Moreexamples:•前缀•否定：dis-,in-,im-,il-,ir-,un-,non-,mis-,de-,counter-,anti-•“前”：pre-preview,preface,pre-existing•“后”：post-post-war,post-graduate•后缀•-able形容词后缀：reliable,understandable•-ics名词后缀表学科：economics,physics,acoustics•-en动词后缀：sharpen,awaken,brighten,broadenIV.WordFormation•Ren-[拉]•Renalhypertension•肾性高血压•Renalinsufficiency•肾机能不全•Renaldiabetes•肾性糖尿病•Renalfailure•肾衰竭•Renallobe•肾叶•Nephr(o)-[希]•Nephroscope•肾镜•Nephroscopy•肾镜检查•Nephrotomy[ne'frɒtəmɪ]•肾切开术•Nephrolith['nɛfrəlɪθ]•肾结石IV.WordFormation•Cardi-[希]•Cardioaortic•主心动脉的•Cardiopulmonary•心肺的•Cardiovascular•心血管的•Cardiogram•心电图•Pulm-[拉]•Pulmoaortic•肺与主动脉的•-ology……学问，科学•Biology生物学•Geology地质学•Mycology真菌学IV.WordFormation•-tomy[希]后缀切开术•Nephrolithotomy[,nefrəuli'θɔtəmi]•肾结石切除术•Arteriotomy[ɑ:,tiəri'ɔtəmi]•动脉切开术•Ventriculostomy[ven,trikju'lɔstəmi]•脑室切开术Glossary•1.aortan.•2.peripheryn.•3.thebesianveins•4.vascularadj.•5.atriumn.•6.intercostaladj.•7.arteriolen.•8.bronchialadj.•9.hilumn.•10.alveolaradj.•11.capillaryn.•12.shuntv./n.•13.ventriclen.•A.血管的，脉管的•B.小气泡•C.肋间的•D.心房•E.外周，外围•F.（使）分流•G.（脑、心）室•H.主动脉•I.毛细血管•J.支气管的•K.心最小静脉•L.门•M.小动脉Glossary•1.cortexn.•2.apexn.•3.papillan.•4.vertebran.•5.medullan.•6.thoracicadj.•7.coronaladj.•8.calyxn.•9.corticomedullaryjunction•A.胸的，胸廓的•B.脊椎骨，椎骨•C.盏•D.乳突•E.皮髓质结合•F.顶尖•G.皮质•H.髓质•I.冠状的Glossary•1.parenchyman.•2.afferentadj.•3.efferentadj.•4.renaladj.•5.renalpelvis•6.nephronn.•7.glomerularadj.•8.uretern.•9.arcuateartery•10.glomerulusn.•A.肾的•B.传出的•C.肾盂•D.传入的•E.输尿管•F.肾小球的•G.肾单位•H.（肾）小球•I.实质•J.弓状动脉I.Text•Pleaseskimthefirstpartofthetextandthenanswerthefirst3questions.I.Text•1.Wheredothelungsgettheirbloodsupply?•Answer：Thelungreceivesitsbloodsupplyfromtwovascularsystems—thebronchialandpulmonarycirculations.I.Text•2.Doesthenutritivebloodflowtothealveolarstructures?•Answer：No.Itflowstoallbutthealveolarstructures.I.Text•3.Whatis/areresponsiblefortheactivecontrolofbloodflowdistributioninthelung?•Answer：Smallmusculararteriesareresponsiblefortheactivecontrolofbloodflowdistributioninthelung.TextAnalysis:Part1•Thenutritivebloodflowtoallbut(except)thealveolarstructurescomesfromthebronchialcirculation,whichoriginatesfromtheaortaandupperintercostalarteriesandreceivesabout1percentofthecardiacoutput.•1.flow的词性？•2.which指代的是谁？•3.句子主干？•4.尝试翻译。•名词•Thebronchialcirculation•Thenutritivebloodflowcomesfromthebronchialcirculation.•先译主干，再进行补充TextAnalysis:Part1•Thenutritivebloodflowtoallbut(except)thealveolarstructurescomesfromthebronchialcirculation,whichoriginatesfromtheaortaandupperintercostalarteriesandreceivesabout1percentofthecardiacoutput.•参考译文：肺的营养血液来自于支气管循环系统，流向肺部除肺泡外的所有组织，支气管循环系统始于主动脉及上肋间动脉，接受大约1%的心输出量。TextAnalysis:Part1•draininto流入，排入，注入•e.g.Today’sslaverwilldrainintotomorrow’stear.今日垂涎，明日流泪。•e.g.TheriversdrainintotheBalkhashlake,whichsustainsthelivelihoodofmorethantwomillionKazakhs.•这些河流汇入巴尔喀什湖，维系着两百多万哈萨克人的生活。TextAnalysis:Part1•Theremainder(ofwhat?)drainsintothepulmonaryveinsand,alongwiththecontributionfromthethebesianveinsintheheart,representsacomponentofthe1to2percentright-to-leftshuntfoundinnormalsubjects.•参考译文：剩余的（2/3）输出流入肺静脉，并在心脏最小静脉的作用下，在正常情况下，以1%-2%的量自右向左分流。TextAnalysis:Part1•Thearteriesdowntothelevelofthesubsegmentalairways(2-mmdiameter)arethin-walled,predominantlyelasticvessels.•1.downto表示的位置关系？•2.句子主干？•3.尝试翻译•参考译文：肺段支气管（直径2mm）以上的肺动脉血管壁薄，（主要是）且富弹性。TextAnalysis:Part1•Beyondthis,thearteriesbecomemuscularizeduntiltheyreachdiametersof30μm,atwhichpointthemuscularcoatdisappears.•1.this指代什么？•2.beyond如何与上文衔接？•参考译文：由此下行，动脉成肌肉化发展，逐渐缩窄至仅30微米，（此时）肌肉层消失。TextAnalysis:Part1•Mostofthearterialpressuredroptakesplaceinthesesmallmusculararteries,whichareresponsiblefortheactivecontrolofbloodflowdistributioninthelung.•参考译文：大部分动脉压降产生在这些肌肉化的小动脉中，他们起着调节肺部血流分布的作用。TextAnalysis:Part1•Thepulmonaryarteriolesemptyintoanextensivecapillarynetworkanddrainintothin-walledpulmonaryveins,whicheventuallyjoinwiththearteriesandbronchiatthehilumandexitthelungtoentertheleftatrium.•1.empty的词性？•动词。排空；注入此句中，emptywhatinto……？•2.which指代什么？•参考译文：肺小动脉将血液排入广泛分布的毛细血管网，流入肺静脉。肺静脉的壁很薄，他们最终在肺门处与动脉和支气管汇合/并行，出肺进入左心房。语法特点：非限制性关系分句•关系分句是由关系词引导的关系结构，这种分句结构又称为“定语从句”。这种分句的主要功能是作名词修饰语（即“定语”）。•关系分句就其与先行项的语义关系分为限制性关系分句（RestrictiveRelativeClause）和非限制性关系分句（Non-restrictive