咳嗽、咳痰、盗汗

ADDYOURTEXTCLICKTOADDYOURTITLEHEREHappinessisnotaboutbeingimmortalnorhavingfoodorrightsinone'shand.It’sabouthavingeachtinywishcometrue,orhavingsomethingtoeatwhenyouarehungryorhavingsomeone'slovewhenyouneedlove.咳嗽是一种反射性防御动作，通过咳嗽可以清除呼吸道分泌物及气道内异物。但是咳嗽也有不利的一面，例如咳嗽可使呼吸道内感染扩散，剧烈的咳嗽可导致呼吸道出血，甚至诱发自发性气胸等。因此，如果频繁的咳嗽影响工作和休息，则为病理状态。痰是气管、支气管的分泌物或肺泡内的渗出液，借助咳嗽将其排出称为咳痰。ADDYOURTEXTCLICKTOADDYOURTITLEHEREHappinessisnotaboutbeingimmortalnorhavingfoodorrightsinone'shand.It’sabouthavingeachtinywishcometrue,orhavingsomethingtoeatwhenyouarehungryorhavingsomeone'slovewhenyouneedlove.干性咳嗽：咳嗽无痰或痰量极少。干咳或刺激性咳嗽常见于急性或慢性咽喉炎、喉癌、急性支气管炎初期、气管受压、支气管异物、支气管肿瘤、胸膜疾病、原发性肺动脉高压以及二尖瓣狭窄等湿性咳嗽：咳嗽伴有咳痰，常见于慢性支气管炎、支气管扩张、肺炎、肺脓肿和空洞型肺结核等ADDYOURTEXTCLICKTOADDYOURTITLEHEREHappinessisnotaboutbeingimmortalnorhavingfoodorrightsinone'shand.It’sabouthavingeachtinywishcometrue,orhavingsomethingtoeatwhenyouarehungryorhavingsomeone'slovewhenyouneedlove.突发性咳嗽：常由于吸入刺激性气体或异物、淋巴结或肿瘤压迫气管或支气管分叉处所引起发作性咳嗽：可见于百日咳、支气管结核以及以咳嗽为主要症状的支气管哮喘(变异性哮喘)等长期慢性咳嗽：多见于慢性支气管炎、支气管扩张、肺脓肿及肺结核夜间咳嗽：常见于左心衰竭和肺结核患者，引起夜间咳嗽的原因可能与夜间肺淤血加重及迷走神经兴奋性増高有关ADDYOURTEXTCLICKTOADDYOURTITLEHEREHappinessisnotaboutbeingimmortalnorhavingfoodorrightsinone'shand.It’sabouthavingeachtinywishcometrue,orhavingsomethingtoeatwhenyouarehungryorhavingsomeone'slovewhenyouneedlove.咳嗽声音嘶哑，多为声带的炎症或肿瘤压迫喉返神经所致；鸡鸣样咳嗽，表现为连续阵发性剧咳伴有高调吸气回声，多见于百日咳、会厌、喉部疾患或气管受压；金属音咳嗽，常见于因纵隔肿瘤、主动脉瘤或支气管癌直接压迫气管所致的咳嗽；咳嗽声音低微或无力，见于严重肺气肿、声带麻痹及极度衰弱者。ADDYOURTEXTCLICKTOADDYOURTITLEHEREHappinessisnotaboutbeingimmortalnorhavingfoodorrightsinone'shand.It’sabouthavingeachtinywishcometrue,orhavingsomethingtoeatwhenyouarehungryorhavingsomeone'slovewhenyouneedlove.黏液性痰多见于急性支气管炎、支气管哮喘及大叶性肺炎的初期，也可见于慢性支气管炎、肺结核等浆液性痰见于肺水肿。脓性痰见于化脓性细菌性下呼吸道感染脓性痰见于化脓性细菌性下呼吸道感染血性痰是由于呼吸道黏膜受侵害、损害毛细血管或血液渗人肺泡所致ADDYOURTEXTCLICKTOADDYOURTITLEHEREHappinessisnotaboutbeingimmortalnorhavingfoodorrightsinone'shand.It’sabouthavingeachtinywishcometrue,orhavingsomethingtoeatwhenyouarehungryorhavingsomeone'slovewhenyouneedlove.•恶臭痰提示有厌氧菌感染•铁锈色痰为典型肺炎球菌肺炎的特征•黄绿色或翠绿色痰，提示铜绿假单胞菌感染•痰白黏稠且牵拉成丝难以咳出，提示有真菌感染•大量稀薄浆液性痰中含粉皮样物，提示棘球蚴病(棘球蚴病)•粉红色泡沫痰是肺水肿的特征•日咳数百至上千毫升浆液泡沫痰还需考虑肺泡癌的可能ADDYOURTEXTCLICKTOADDYOURTITLEHEREHappinessisnotaboutbeingimmortalnorhavingfoodorrightsinone'shand.It’sabouthavingeachtinywishcometrue,orhavingsomethingtoeatwhenyouarehungryorhavingsomeone'slovewhenyouneedlove.盗汗是中医的一个病证名，是以入睡后汗出异常，醒后汗泄即止为特征的一种病征。生理性盗汗病理性盗汗ADDYOURTEXTCLICKTOADDYOURTITLEHEREHappinessisnotaboutbeingimmortalnorhavingfoodorrightsinone'shand.It’sabouthavingeachtinywishcometrue,orhavingsomethingtoeatwhenyouarehungryorhavingsomeone'slovewhenyouneedlove.盗汗的常见病因：•女性更年期综合征•小儿缺钙•结核•糖尿病•甲亢•副癌综合症ADDYOURTEXTCLICKTOADDYOURTITLEHEREHappinessisnotaboutbeingimmortalnorhavingfoodorrightsinone'shand.It’sabouthavingeachtinywishcometrue,orhavingsomethingtoeatwhenyouarehungryorhavingsomeone'slovewhenyouneedlove.小丁是一名22岁的文科男大学生，自幼体质不佳，经常头疼感冒，小病不断。约在7天前不小心淋了雨，后来开始发烧，自己量体温最高的时候达到39℃，这些天老是咳嗽，咳白色痰，痰里有时可以见到血丝，咳嗽剧烈的时候胸部也感到疼痛，晚上睡觉还经常出汗。校医院医生看过小丁后，给他静脉滴注抗生素治疗。5天后小丁的症状没有什么好转。着急的他来到上级医院，接诊的王医生仔细询问了小丁的病情，小丁否认既往有其他呼吸系统疾病、手术史、输血史、用药过敏史等。ADDYOURTEXTCLICKTOADDYOURTITLEHEREHappinessisnotaboutbeingimmortalnorhavingfoodorrightsinone'shand.It’sabouthavingeachtinywishcometrue,orhavingsomethingtoeatwhenyouarehungryorhavingsomeone'slovewhenyouneedlove.肺结核诊断诊断方法1.病史和症状体征2.影像学诊断发现早期轻微结核病变，确定病变范围，部位，形态，密度，与周围组织的关系，病变阴影的伴随影像判断病变性质，有无活动性，有无空洞，空洞大小和洞壁特点3.痰结核分支杆菌检查：是确诊肺结核的主要方法，也是制定化疗方案和考核治疗效果的依据4.纤支镜检查：常应用于支气管结核和淋巴结支气管瘘的诊断5.结核菌素试验：结核菌素试验广泛应用于检出结核分支杆菌的感染，而非检出结核病6.γ-干扰素释放试验ADDYOURTEXTCLICKTOADDYOURTITLEHEREHappinessisnotaboutbeingimmortalnorhavingfoodorrightsinone'shand.It’sabouthavingeachtinywishcometrue,orhavingsomethingtoeatwhenyouarehungryorhavingsomeone'slovewhenyouneedlove.