美国文学_T.S.EliotPPT

ThomasStearnsEliot(1888-1965)American-bornEnglishpoet,playwright,andliterarycriticarguablythemostimportantEnglish-languagepoetofthe20thcenturyamajorinnovatorinmodernEnglishpoetryaleaderofthemodernistmovementfamousaboveallforhisrevolutionarypoemTheWasteLand(《荒原》,1922)ThomasStearnsEliotTheNobelPrizeinLiterature1948“forhisoutstanding,pioneercontributiontopresent-daypoetry”T.S.EliotreceivingtheNobelPrizeforLiterature,December1948.I.BiographyII.Poetry1.Themainfeatures2.TheWasteLand3.TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock4.FourQuartetsIII.DramaVI.literarycriticessaysDrawingofEliotbySimonFieldhouseI.BiographyborninUSAofabourgeoisfamilyoriginallyfromNewEngland,whohadmovedtoSt.Louis,Missouri.T.S.Eliot(1938)byWyndhamLewislivedinSt.Louisduringthefirst18yearsofhislifeEducationSmithAcademyinSaintLouis,USMiltonAcademyinMass.,USHarvardUniversity,aB.A.andM.A.inphilosophytheSorbonne(索邦大学)inParis,FranceOxfordUniversity,UKFrom1898to1905,EliotattendedSmithAcademywherehisstudiesincludedLatin,AncientGreek,French,andGerman.Aftergraduation,EliotattendedMiltonAcademyinMassachusettsforapreparatoryyear.HestudiedphilosophyatHarvardfrom1906to1909,earninghisbachelor'sdegreeafterthreeyears,insteadoftheusualfour.EliotmovedtoParis,wherefrom1910-1911,hestudiedphilosophyattheSorbonne.HeattendedlecturesbyHenriBergson.EliotwasawardedascholarshiptoMertonCollege,Oxfordin1914EliotdidnotsettleatMerton,andleftafterayear.Hewrote:“Ihateuniversitytownsanduniversitypeople,whoarethesameeverywhere,withpregnantwives,sprawlingchildren,manybooksandhideouspicturesonthewalls...Oxfordisverypretty,butIdon'tliketobedead.InaletterinDecember1914,Eliot,aged26,wrote,“Iamverydependentuponwomen.”Lessthan4monthslater,ThayerintroducedEliottoVivienneHaigh-Wood,aCambridgegoverness.TheyweremarriedatHampsteadRegisterOfficeinJune,1915ThephilosopherBertrandRusselltookaninterestinViviennewhilethenewlywedsstayedinhisflat.SomescholarshavesuggestedthatsheandRussellhadanaffair,buttheallegationswereneverconfirmed.workedfirstasateacherthenworkedasaclerkforLloyd’sBankwrotepoetryinhissparetimeGeorgeOrwellandT.S.EliotItwasinLondonthatEliotcameundertheinfluenceofEzraPound,whorecognizedhispoeticgeniusatonceassistedinthepublicationofhisworkinanumberofmagazines,mostnotably“TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock”inPoetryin1915.Eliot'sreputationbegantogrowtonearlymythicproportionswiththepublicationofTheWasteLandin1922nowconsideredbymanytobethesinglemostinfluentialpoeticworkofthe20thcenturyIn1927,EliotbecameaBritishcitizenHespecificallyidentifiedasAnglo-Catholic,proclaiminghimself“classicistinliterature,royalistinpolitics,andanglo-catholicinreligion.”EliotrenouncedhiscitizenshiptotheUnitedStatesandsaid:“MymindmaybeAmericanbutmyheartisBritish.”In1932,EliotleftVivienneinEnglandandwentbacktoHarvard.Uponhisreturn,hearrangedforaformalseparationfromher.Viviennewascommittedtoamentalhospitalin1938,andremainedthereuntilshedied.AlthoughEliotwasstilllegallyherhusband,henevervisitedher.In1957,Eliotattheageof68marriedEsméValerieFletcher,whowas32.TSEliotwithhissecondwifeValerie.II.Aestheticviews1.Apoemshouldbeanorganicthinginitself.Onceitisfinished,thepoetwillnolongerhavecontrolofit.Itshouldbejudged,analyzedbyitselfwithouttheinterferenceofthepoet’spersonalinfluence.2.Modernlifeischaotic,futile,fragmentary,sopoetryshouldreflectthisfragmentarynatureoflifethiskindnatureoflifeshouldbeprojected,notanalyzed3.Thepoetshoulddrawupontradition:usethepasttoservetheresentandfutureborrowfromauthorsremoteintime,alieninlanguage,diverseininterestusethepasttounderscorewhatismissingfromthepresentIII.TechniquesUseof1.disconnectedimages/symbols2.literaryallusions/references3.highlyexpressivemeterandrhythmoffreeverses4.metaphysicalwhimsicalimages/whims5.flexibletoneIV.PoetryTheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock,阿尔弗雷德·普鲁弗洛克的情歌,1915TheWasteLand,荒原,1922TheHollowMen,空心人,1925AshWednesday,圣灰星期三,1930FourQuartets,四个四重奏,1944Hisbelief:poetryshouldaimatarepresentationofthecomplexitiesofmoderncivilizationinlanguagesuchrepresentationnecessarilyleadstodifficultpoetry.InrejectingthepoeticvaluesoftheEnglishromanticsandVictorians,Eliot,alongwithWilliamButlerYeatsandEzraPound,setnewpoeticstandardsequaltothoseestablishedbyJamesJoyceandMarcelProustinfiction.i.TheWasteLandhismostfamousworkwrittenwhenhewas34Contents1.Assessment2.Synopsis:Fivesections3.Theme4.Language&Form5.Symbolicmeaningof“wasteland”1.AssessmentTheWasteLand,Eliot’smostimportantsinglepoem,hasbeenhailedasalandmarkandamodelofthe20th-centuryEnglishpoetry,comparabletoWordsworth’sLyricalBallads.expressedhishorroratthespiritualturmoilofmodernEurope.Ononelevelitdescribesculturalandspiritualcrisis,reflectedinitsuseoffragmentationanddiscontinuity.Thepoemis433lineslongandisdividedinto5sections,whicharenotlogicallyconstructedorconnected.2.Synopsis:FivesectionsSectionI.TheBurialoftheDeadSectionII.AGameofChessSectionIII.TheFireSermonSectionIV.DeathbyWaterSectionV.WhattheThunderSaid4.Theme(1)presentsphysicaldisorderandspirituald