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1、•SincetheGreeks(especiallytheAtheniansandSpartans)attachedimportancetothemilitarytraining,actualizedthephysicaleducationandadvocatedthespiritofvalorandtenacity,thusinthewaroffightingagainstthePersiansin5thcenturyBC,theGreeksweresovaliantthattheydefeatedthePersiansandwonthegreatvictoryinthebattle.Afterthewar,thesportswerepopularizedinGreeceinanunparalleledscope,whichbroughttheOlympicGamestoitsgoldenageinhistory.Duringthistime,themagnificenttempleofZeusandtheaccessorialOlympicGuestsHouse(奥林匹亚迎宾殿)。
2、wereconstructed.ThatwasthemostsplendidmemorialthatsawthestatesofGreekdebatePersians.Fromthenon,theOlympicGamesbecamemoreinfluentialandlarger-scale.2.ThetriumphoftheGreece-PersiawarnotonlymadetheGreek-statesbeatbackthePersianarmy’soffensiveintowestward,securingtheindependenceofthecountry,butalsolaidthefoundationforopeningupofthesea-lanetotheBlackSea,establishingitssupremacyintheeasternMediterranean.Atthesametime,thevictoryhadpromotedtheprosperityoftheslaveryeconomyandcultureinGreeceinthesecondhal。
3、fof5thcenturyBC.Justthen,withtheconstantdevelopmentofpolitics,military,economyandcultureintheslaverycity-states,alargenumberofslavesweremorewidelyusedinallkindofproducingdepartmentsinsociety.Theyproducedceramics,metalwares,textilefabrics,oliveoil,wine,agriculturalprocessed-goods,mineralproducts,andsoon,whichwereincessantlysoldtothedistantareasintheMediterraneanandtheBlackSeabythearistocraticslaveholders.Simultaneously,theslaveholdersalsocarriedbackthefoodsupplies,livestock,industrialrawmaterials。
4、andnumerousslaves.Alltheseresultedintherapidlyflourishingofthehandicraftindustry,businessandexternaltradeinmanycity-statesofGreece.Obviously,theeconomicprosperityoftheGreeksocietywasbasedonthegreatfortunemadebymassiveslaves.WithouttheslaverysysteminGreece,theSilverAgeoftheOlympicGameswouldnothavecome.3.However,theslaverysocietywasfoundedonthebaseofagreatdealofoppressedslaves’exploitationthrownbytheslaveholders.TheslavesmadeenormousfortuneforthesocietyaswellasthevariouswealthfortheGreekcity-state。
5、s.Meanwhile,theannexingwasappearing,especiallythecrueloppressionandexploitationoftheslave-ownerclasshadtakenstirreduptheslaves’continuousresistance.Manyofthemeitherwentintoexileorheldarmeduprising,whichgaveaheavyhittotheslaverysocietyofGreeceandmadeitfallfromflourishingsummittodeclineinchbyinch.DuringthePeloponnesianWar,thewholeGreecehadsufferedabiggerloss.LargenumbersofslavesescapedbothfromSpartaandAthens.Onlyintheyearof413BC,thereweremorethan20,000slavesholdingthemassbreakoutfromthecity-stateo。
6、fAthens,mostofwhowereskillfulcraftsmen,whichhittheslaveryeconomyofAthensheavily.inGreece.4.Justasthehistorian,Thucydidesdescribed:“Thewar--thePeloponnesianWarhaslastedalongtime,andduringthewartime,Athenssufferedunprecedentedly.Actually,thereneverhavesomanycitiesbeenoccupiedanddestroyed…sohavethedrivenandkilledpeopleresultingfromthewaritselforthecivilstrife…Besides,theearthquakeexpandedinawideareainstantaneously,sodidthedroughtaswellasthefaminecausingbydrought.Atlast,thewidespreaddiseasescausedth。
7、ebiggestcalamity,andalotofpeoplediedofit.Allthesecameupwiththewar.”Afterthewar,theslavesofthedifferentcity-statesroseupcontinuously,andtheyalwaysunitedtheurbanpaupersfightinginanextremelylargescale.5.Allthesedrasticallyexhaustedthenationalpowerofeachcity-state.Besides,thefloodingofdiseasesanddisastersaccompaniedwiththewarcrippledtheoldGreececompletelyandthesocietybegantorunfromtheprosperitytothewane.WhiletheslaverysocietywentdownhillinGreece,theOlympicGamesalsofolloweditfromaflourishingagetoadec。
8、liningperiod.6.ItwastheOlympicGamesthatfirstlyadvocatedtheHolyTruce,whichexpressedtheyearningforpeaceoftheancientGreeksandmadeitpossiblefortheOlympicGamesgoingonwheelsanddevelopingcontinually.However,thewarcouldnotbepreventedandvanishedjustbytheHolyTruce.Onthecontrary,itwastheevilwarthatbroughttheOlympicGamestothecrowningcalamity.AftertheGreece-Persiawar,thePeloponnesianWarinthe5thcenturyBCmadetheslaverysystembegintodeclineinGreece.Atthesametime,itbecametheturningpointoftheOlympicGamesfromriseto。
9、decline.7.WhydidtheOlympicGamesrunfromrisetodeclinegradually?Apartfromthereasonsmentionedabove,somanymaladiesithadweretheinternalcausethatspeededupthedeclineoftheOlympicGames.ThesemaladiescorrodedthemusclesanderodedthesouloftheOlympicGamesfromeverysideandbyanyways.Fromthe6thcenturyBC,evenintheGoldenAgeoftheOlympicGames,someunhealthyelementshadappeared,amongwhichtheappearanceoftheprofessionalathletesandtheprofessionalizedcompetitions,whichwentbadtoworseinthefollowingyears.Finally,itresultedinthec。
10、orruptionbeingrevealedcontinuouslyinsomecompetitionsoftheOlympicGames.Thus,itwenttoofartobeback.8.AttheverybeginningofthefoundationanddevelopmentoftheOlympicGames,theathletesjoininginmustbetrainedstrictly.Oncewinninginthecompetition,theywouldgainallkindsofgloriesafterthat.Atfirst,thekings,slaveholdersandaristocratsoftenparticipatedinsomecompetitions.Relatively,theslaveholdersandaristocratsusuallypaidspecialattentiontothestrictandhardtrainingandsparednoeffortinthegames.Butthefollowinggameswereimpr。
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