英语讽喻手法介绍

AllegoryAllegory寓言/讽喻•Greekwordallegoria,whichmeans“speakingotherwise”.Allegoryisastoryeitherinverse(诗歌）orinprose（散文）withadoublemeaning:surfacemeaning—astory,andunder-the-surfacemeaning—ahiddentruth.Allegory['ælɪg(ə)rɪ]Allegoryhasnodeterminatelength.Itcanbeaslongasafewwords(asinsomeEnglishproverbs),oraslongasawholepassageorawholenovel.讽喻,也叫寓言这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法，意为“换个方式的说法“，是一种比暗喻更为委婉的比喻，它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事。作用：建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。•Inallegories,namesofthecharactersandplacesareoftensymbolsofcertainqualities.InBanyan’sPilgrim’sProgress,fromthenamesofthecharacters“Christian”（基督徒，信徒）,“Mr.Blind-man”,‘Mr.No-good”,thenamesofplaces“VanityFair（浮华世界）”,“CelestialCity（天国）”,wecaneasilyunderstandthemeaningbehindthesenames.•Makethehaywhilethesunshines.表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草真正意味：趁热打铁,抓紧时机•Norosewithoutathorn.表层含义：凡是玫瑰都有刺真正意义：任何美好的东西和事物都不是完美的（“玫瑰”代表美好的事物，“刺”代表缺陷和痛苦）•It’stimetoturnswordsintoploughs.表层含义：化剑为犁的时候已经到了真正意义：该结束战争重建家园了（“剑”代表战争，“犁”代表和平建设）E.g.StriketheironwhileitishotMoreExamples•Laughandtheworldlaughswithyou;Weepandyouweepalone.表层含义：笑时万众附和，哭时独自垂泪真正意义：世态炎凉•Castpearlsbeforeswine.表层含义：把珍珠投在猪面前真正意义：明珠暗投，对牛弹琴•Talkofanangelandyou’llhearhiswings.表层含义：你正在说天使的事情，你就听到了她翅膀闪风的声音真正意义：说曹操曹操到Wecanalsosay:speakofthedevilNothingwillcomeofnothing.无风不起浪。Nothingventure,nothingwin(orhaveorgain).不入虎穴，焉得虎子。Thoughtheenemyseemsamouse,yetwatchhimlikealion.敌人即使小如鼠，防他也要如防狮。•Allegoryisastoryorvisualimagewithaseconddistinctmeaningpartiallyhiddenbehinditsliteralorvisiblemeaning.•Theprincipaltechniqueofallegoryispersonification,wherebyabstractqualitiesaregivenhumanshape,asinpublicstatueofLibertyorJustice.ThemostfamousreligiousallegoryinEnglishisBunyan’sThePilgrim’sProgress.ThePilgrim’sProgressAreligiousallegoryTheFablesofAesopTheFablesofKrylovTheFablesofLaFontaineFunction：•Allegoryareeffectiveinteachingorexplainingsomeabstractidea.Theyarefavorablyusedinmoralteaching.AllegoryVSMetaphorMetaphorandAllegory•Metaphor将某一事物以另一个与其相似的事物来表达。暗示有比较但又不充分说出这种比较。暗喻将本体与喻体说成是一致的。它不用比喻词，但可用be动词或者只用逗号、破折号将本体和喻体连起来。Eg:1)Knowledgeispower2)Moneyistherootofallevil.•Allegory是通过具体形象表达抽象意义，用比喻进行讽刺，引导人们去认识事物的本质，其特点在于意义上的双重性。Eg:1)Thereisnogardenwithoutitsweed.(没有不长草的花园)Thesurfacemeaningofthesentenceisthatallgardenhaveweed.Itindicatesthatnothingisperfect.2)Aproofofthepuddingisintheeating.(布丁好不好，吃了才知道)Thesurfacemeaningofthesentenceisthatyoushouldeatthepuddingifyouwanttoknowitstaste.Itshowsthatknowledgecomesfrompractice.Allegory,Fable,Parable•相同点：不直接说明一个道理。•不同点：1.Allegory是建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。•2.言浅意深的寓言(Fable),是大师级的儿童文学家李欧.李奥尼最惯用的创作语言,是「隐喻」却浅显得连幼儿都看得懂的手法.•3.Parable指(道德说教性的，犹指圣经中的)寓言，比较简洁。