美国社会文化新课件1

AmericanSociety&CultureAmericanSociety&CultureAmericanSociety&CultureContentsChapterIAmericanGeography&PeopleChapterIIAmericanHistoryChapterIIIAmericanRevolutionChapterIVTheConfederation&theConstitutionChapterVAmericanExpansion&theCivilWarAmericanSociety&CultureChapterVITheTwoWorldWars&theDepressionChapterVIITheFederalSystem&theCongressChapterVIIIThePresident&theJudiciaryChapterIXThePoliticalParties&theElectionAmericanSociety&CultureChapterXAmericanEducationChapterXIAmericanMassMediaChapterXIIAmericanFamily&ReligionAmericanSociety&CultureAmericanSociety&CultureAmericanSociety&CultureChapterOneAmericanGeographyandPeopleTheUnitedStatesofAmerica(U.S.A.ortheUS)isthefourthlargestcountry(9.3millionsq.km)afterRussia,CanadaandChina.ItliesinthemiddleoftheNorthAmericancontinent.TheUShas50states,exceptforAlaska(onthenorthwesttipofthecontinent)andAmericanSociety&CultureHawaii(inthecentralPacific),whicharegeographicallyseparatedfromtheotherstates,thenationisfortunatetobesituatedbetweentwogreatoceans:theAtlanticontheeastandthePacificonthewest.ItisborderedbyCanadaonthenorthandbyMexicoonthesouth.AmericanSociety&CultureOwingtoitslargesizeandvariedland-forms,ithasdifferenttypesofclimateindifferentareas.Usuallytheclimateofthenorthpartisrelativelycold.Itisgenerallypleasantinthemiddlepart.Thesouthenjoysawarmclimateandabundantrainfall.TheUSisalandrichinnaturalresources,especiallyalargedepositofironandcoalAmericanSociety&CultureTheUSisthethirdmostpopulousnationintheworld,rankingbehindonlyChinaandIndia.AccordingtotheUSCensusBureau,onApril1,2010,thepopulationoftheUSwas308.7millionpeople(3,0874,5538).AmericanSociety&CultureUSCensusBureau:aunitoftheDepartmentofCommerce,establishedin1902bytheActofCongress.Itcollects,tabulates,andpublishescensusstatisticsaboutAmerica,itspeople,anditseconomy.Populationandhousingcensusareperformedevery10years.AmericanSociety&CultureTheUSisknownasa“meltingpot”,meaningthatitiscomposedofimmigrantsfromdifferentnationsallovertheworld.TheAmericanpeopleareadiversepeopleofdifferentraces.ItincludesIndianAmericans,EuropeanAmericans,AsianAmericans,AfricanAmericans(Black),andLatinAmericans.AmericanSociety&CultureThepeopleoftheUSarepredominantlywhite(211million).ThemostnumerousminorityintheUSistheblackpeople(34.6million)whoseforefatherswerefromAfrica.TheUSisahighlyurbanizedcountry.Themostdenselypopulatedregionisthenorth-easternpartofthecountry.AmericanSociety&CultureAmericanshavealwaysbeenahighlymobilepeople.Since1970,anewtrendofmigrationhasappeared.MoreandmoreAmericansmigratedfromcitiestosuburbsbecauseoftheeconomicandtechnologicalchanges,andsomeimportantsocialfactors.AmericanSociety&CultureAlaskaAmericanSociety&CultureAlaskaAmericanSociety&CultureI.AlaskaAlaskaisthelargestofthe50statesoftheUS(1.5millionsq.km)inthenorthwestcornerofNorthAmerica.ItwassoldtotheUSbyRussiafor$7.2millionin1867.BelievingthatAlaskawasonlyafrozenwasteland,peoplethencondemnedthepurchaseas“Seward’sFolly”,orthe“darkdeeddoneinthenight”afterSecretaryofStateWilliamH.SewardhadsignedtheAmericanSociety&Culturedocumentforthepurchaseofthe“barren,worthlessandGodforsakenregion”.Butlessthan30yearslater(1896),goldwasdisco-veredandthelandturnedouttobea“preciousstoneinthesnow”.TodaygoldproductionhasbeenoutrankedbyoilbecausethelargestknownoilfieldwasAmericanSociety&Culturediscoveredin1968onitsNorthSlope.Alaskaisalsoveryrichinsalmonandfur-bearinganimals(seals).Thefishingindustryhasmadegreatcontributions.AmericanSociety&CultureHawaiiAmericanSociety&CultureAmericanSociety&CulturePearlHarborAmericanSociety&CultureII.HawaiiThelaststatetojointheUnionwasHawaiiin1959.Withanareaof16,700squaremiles,thestateliesinthePacificOcean.Theclimateistemperateandcomfortable.Thestate’scapitalisHonolulu.About11kilometersawayfromHawaiiliesPearlHarboronwhichtheJapanesemadeaAmericanSociety&CulturesurpriseattackonDecember7,1941,thusdrawingtheUSintothesecondworldwar.NowtheUSPacificFleetisbasedthere.Thechiefproductofthestateissugar.Itisalsoveryrichinothertropicalproducts.Ithasaflourishingtouristindustry.AmericanSociety&CultureWashingtonD.C.AmericanSociety&CultureAmericanSociety&CultureAmericanSociety&CultureAmericanSociety&CultureIII.WashingtonD.C.ThisisthecapitalofthenationsituatedonthePotomacRiver.Itwasnamedinhonorofthefirstpresidentofthecountry,GeorgeWashington.ThepresidentselectedthepresentdaycapitalnamedtheareatheDistrictofColumbiaafterChristopherColumbus.Theconstructionbeganin1793AmericanSociety&CultureafterPresidentWashingtonhadlaidacornerstoneforthecapital.Inmid-Juneof1800,JohnAdams,thenewpresidentorderedthegovernmenttobetransferredfromPhiladelphiatothepermanentcapital----WashingtonD.C.(WashingtontheDistrictofColumbia).AmericanSociety&CultureStatueofLibertyAmericanSociety&CultureAmericanSociety&CultureWallStreetBullAmericanSociety&CultureIV.NewYorkCityThisisthelargestcityintheUSwithapopulationof7.16millionandanareaof301sq.miles.Thecityconsistsof5boroughs:Manhattan,theBronx,Queens,BrooklynandRichmond.ManhattanistheheartofthecitywithveryfamousplacessuchasWallStreet,the