动名词的用法及练习题

1动名词的用法1．动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词+ing构成，否定形式为notdoing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。1）作主语动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如：Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的运动Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。Smokingmaycausecancer.吸烟可能导致癌症。ComingtoHangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.乘火车到杭州要16个小时。Swimmingdevelopsthemuscles.游泳可以发展肌肉。动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用Itis…和Thereis…两种句式来表示。例如：It'snicetalkingwithyou.和你谈话很高兴。It'snousearguingwithhim.跟他争论没用。Itwasverydifficultgettingeverythingreadyintime.要把一切按时准备好很困难。Itisnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.学而不实践是没好处的。Itisworthwhileconsultingyourteacheragain.很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。Thereisnolitteringabout.不许乱扔杂物。2）作宾语。作介词的宾语，或是一些及物动词的宾语，如：①admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel，like，finish，forgive，giveup，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，putoff，resist，risk，suggest，can’thelp（情不自禁），can’tstand（无法忍受）等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。②forget，goon，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。Let’sgoonstudyingLesson6.（让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）Let’sgoontostudyLesson6.（让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）Irememberdoingtheexercise.（我记得做过练习。）Imustremembertodoit.（我必须记着做这事。）Itriednottogothere.（我设法不去那里。）Itrieddoingitagain.（我试着又干了一次。）2Stopspeaking.（不要讲话。）Hestoppedtotalk.（他停下来讲话。）Imeantocomeearlytoday.（我打算今天早些来。）Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。）③在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.④动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。beworth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning/tobecleaned.Hermethodisworthtrying.⑤在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。⑥start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。3）作表语动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等，可以和主语互换位置。例如：Hispart-timejobispromotingnewproductsforthecompany.（动名词）他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Readingisforsurelearning,butapplyingisalsolearningtoagreaterextent.读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。Theirtaskisexploringoilminesinthewest.（动名词）他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。动名词作表语，容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。记住：动名词表语表达的是“某件事”，表“主语是什么”而现在分词表语表示“主语是什么样的”。例如：Thesituationisverymuchencouraging.（现在分词）形势非常令人鼓舞。Hispresentjobisnotthatstimulatingasheexpected.（现在分词）他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。4）作定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。例如：swimmingpool游泳池readingmaterial阅读材料walkingstick手杖floatingneedle浮针openingspeech开幕词listeningaid助听器waitingroom候车室runningwater自来水32，练习题Ⅰ、单项选择：1.Nooneenjoys_______at.A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed2.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse_______.A.tobebrokeninB.frombeingbrokeninC.tobreakinD.frombreakingin3.Theyinsistedon_______anotherchancetotry.A.givenB.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegiven4.---Whereismypassport?Iremember_______ithere.---Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember_______itwithyouallthetime.A.toput；totakeB.putting；takingC.putting；totakeD.toput；taking5.Hisroomneeds_______,sohemusthaveit_______.A.painting；paintedB.painted；paintingC.painting；paintingD.painted；painted6.Afterfinishinghishomeworkhewenton_______alettertohisparents.A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.towrite7.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire_______withgreatcare.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof8.Only_______Englishdoesn'tmean_______thelanguage.A.tolearn；tolearnB.learning；learningC.learningabout；learnD.learningabout；learning9.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething_______.A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissed10.Shedecidedtodevoteherself_______theproblemofoldage.A.tostudyB.studyingC.tostudyingD.study11.Remember_______thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.beputback12.Assheislookingforwardto_fromme,pleaseremember__thisletteronyourwaytoschool.A.hear；postB.hearing；topostC.beheard；postingD.behearing；toposting13.Grandmasaidthatshehadalotoftrouble_______yourhandwriting.A.toreadB.toseeC.readingC.inseeing14.Writingstoriesandarticles_______whatIenjoymost.A.isB.areC.wasD.were15.Weappreciate_______ustotheball.A.themtoinviteB.toinviteC.theirinvitingD.beinginvited16.Wouldyoumind_______quietforamoment?I'mtrying_______aform.4A.keeping；fillingoutB.tokeep；tofilloutC.keeping；tofilloutD.tokeep；fillingout17.Hewasafraid_______forbeinglate.A.ofseeingB.ofbeingseenC.tobeseenD.tohaveseen18.I'dliketosuggest_______themeetingtillnextweek.A.toputoffB.puttingoffC.putoffD.tobeputoff19.Idon'tseehowIcouldpossiblymanage_______theworkwithout_______.A.finish；helpingB.tofinish；beinghelpedC.finishing；helpingD.finishing；beinghelped20.Anythingworth_______isworthyof_______well.A.doing；beingdoneB.doing；doingC.tobedone；tobedoneD.tobedone；beingdone21.Weadvisedthemtotakearest,buttheyinsisted_______thework.A.finishB.tofinishC.infinishingD.onfinishing22.Idelayed_______yourletterbecauseIhadbeenawayforaweek.A.answerB.answeringC.writingD.topost23.Thethiefdroveasfastashecouldtoescape_______bythepolice.A.tobecaughtB.becaughtC.beingcaughtD.catching24.Isearchedformywalletanditwasn'tthere.Atfirst,IthoughtI_______itathome.ThenIremembered_______itouttopayforthetaxi.A.musthaveleft；