热液管状蠕虫的早期矿化机制及微生物在矿化过程中的作用

论文第52卷第23期2007年12月(,,510640;,200092.E-mali:[e-mail]),,,.(VestimentiferanPolychaete).,.VestimentiferanRidgeiapiscesae,.,Ridgeiapiscesae,..,..,,Fe,P,CaSi,FeP,CaSi.SH2S,.,.Ridgeiapiscesae2007-03-27,2007-09-11(:40403004,40473032,40532011)“”,[1~3].,[4].,[5~7];Alvinellidpolychaetes[8,9].,.,Alvinellidpolychaete[8];RidgeiapiscesaeFe,ZnCu[10];Fe[11];Manus,IfremerianautileiZn[12].,,.,.Vestimentiferan.[8,13~15].,,[13~15].CookStakes[10].Maginn[16]Alvinellapompejana.,[17].,,,第52卷第23期2007年12月论文2760(JDF)AtlantisAlvin.VestimentiferanRidgeiapiscesae4135MainEndeavour(1).RidgeiapiscesaeJDF,,[18].,,[19].RidgeiapiscesaeAlvin,.,4%8%,2..:T1,;T2,;T31(a)MainEndeavourRidgeiapiscesae,4135;(b),,,;T4.,.1.2FEIQuant400,,(),.:20kV,300μA.EDAXGenesis.129eV,20000:1,Be4-U92,500000cps.FEITecnai12,100kV.INCAEnergyTEMX,,.:0.15cm0.45cm,2%42h,PBS3,10min.41%2h,10%,20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%,90%100%10min.,,-.JEOLJXA-8100(EPMA),.EPMA0.087~9.3nm,100μg/g,6nm,20nm,40~300000.20kV,2×10−8A,1μm.22.1,Ridgeiapiscesae,(2)..(2,3).,0.1μm,论文第52卷第23期2007年12月(TEM),.,0.3~0.5μm..,.,,.,.,.GaillHunt[20,21],.,.2.2,.,(T1),,,(4).,.(T2),,,(5).,.,.,()[20,21].[22,23].,,Fe,P,CaSi,.,.,T3Fe,P,CaSi3(a)(SEM),;(b)TEM,第52卷第23期2007年12月论文2762(a)T1;(b)5(a)T2,,;(b)T3,;(c)T2,Fe,PCa;(d)T3,CS,Fe,Al,SiP论文第52卷第23期2007年12月~3Fe,P,S,Ca,Si,Cu,PbZnT1,T2T4.,(T4),S.T2,40%.,FeP,Ca,,SFe,P,Ca.:Fe,PCa,S(T2).,,P,1T1a)(%)1(B)2345678(A)Ca0.3680.3551.1241.1930.5030.2590.1880.136O3.3723.1924.7723.9083.4883.0962.9033.011Si0.1370.1230.4930.6210.2370.1030.0690.058P0.5680.6661.7881.9860.8040.4570.3620.267Fe1.4051.195.4776.6652.2370.9860.7580.598S3.314.5172.9042.8513.9263.444.1174.979Cu0.0060.0210.0140.0950.0570.0050.005−Pb0.029−0.02−0.0030.0060.0010.003Zn0.0390.0020.0570.1220.0440.052−0.0139.23410.06616.64917.44111.2998.4048.4039.065a)−,2T2(%)1(A)2345678(B)Ca0.9981.0551.0680.9190.6170.3990.5180.742O8.46613.6135.3048.1376.3642.9013.7013.901Si2.8073.6572.5441.6540.7750.1390.3030.322P3.0263.5912.5891.7210.8740.3290.5120.645Fe29.11126.66820.0411.2485.5361.0192.253.058S0.3310.6611.2352.8284.8214.4914.4674.183Cu0.0080.0160.03−0.0260.0110.0240.073Pb0.028−−0.013−−0.0120.024Zn0.0590.0110.030.0070.0610.0450.0730.09444.83449.27232.8426.52719.0749.33411.8613.0423T4(%)1(A)234567(B)Ca0.1710.1290.1390.1410.1380.2750.766O3.2968.3026.4684.6932.5553.2095.036Si0.010.0270.0230.0040.010.0050.016P0.2060.2660.2690.2310.1410.3110.411Fe0.1830.1950.180.1430.0780.1460.202S3.8244.8925.3328.17.0628.7228.521Cu0.0440.0570.0450.0420.0130.0380.047Pb0.008−0.025−−−−Zn0.0470.0650.0730.0880.0410.0690.0597.78913.93312.55413.44210.03812.77515.058[16],,,S.,FeFe,.(6~8):(),;()Fe,P,CaSi,;(),(T1);(),(T2);()SFe,P,CaSi,,;()S,S,S[24~26];()Fe,P,CaSi,.S,SO42−,H2S,S2−,S0S2O32−[27]..,H2SS[24,25].,[25].ATP(Calvin-Benson)第52卷第23期2007年12月论文2764(a)T1(BSE)(Fe,P,S,Ca,Si),;(b)T1A-BFe,P,S,.wt%,[26].H2S,..,S,.,S,,.H2SO4−,,S,.,S,S.,SFe,P,Ca,7(a)T2(BSE)(Fe,P,S,Ca,Si),;(b)T2A-BFe,P,S,SFe,P.P,[16].Ridgeiapiscesae,P0.14~0.41,(Alvinellidpolychaetes)P.,P,10,Fe,Ca,Si,,PFe,Ca论文第52卷第23期2007年12月(BSE)(Fe,P,S)Fe,P;S,Si,,.PP,,Ridgeiapiscesae,P.2.4,.,,[7,16].,:()(),[28,29]..,.,,.,,[16,30].(),.,,(9).,,(T1).2.5,,.Fe,S,CaSi,.,,(9(d)).(T1),,(6).(),.,.第52卷第23期2007年12月论文2766(TEM)(a);(b),;(c);(d),,(),[20,21].,,,.,,,,(T2,7)..3Ridgeiapiscesae.,.,.Fe,P,CaSi,.S.S,,..,,..1HoldenJF,AdamsMWW.Microbe-metalinteractionsinmarinehydrothermalenvironments.CurrOpinChemBiol,2003,7:160165[DOI]论文第52卷第23期2007年12月:10771082[DOI]3EdwardsKJ,BachW,McCollomTM.Geomicrobiologyinoceanography:Microbe-mineralinteractionsatandbelowthesea-floor.TrendsMicrobiol,2005,13(9):449456[DOI]4JuniperSK,JonassanIR,TunnicliffeV,etal.Influenceofatubebuildingpolycheateonhydrothermalchimneymineralisation.Ge-ology,1992,20:895898[DOI]5JannaschHW,WirsenCO.Morphologicalsurveyofmicrobialmatsneardeep-seathermalvents.ApplEnvironMicrobiol,1981,41:5285386EmersonD,MoyerCI.NeutrophilicFe-oxidizingbacteriaareabundantattheLoihiSeamounthydrothermalventsandplayamajorroleinFeoxidedeposition.ApplEnvironMicrobiol,2002,68:30853093[DOI]7TunnicliffeV,FontaineAR.Faunalcompositionandorganicsur-faceencrustationsathydrothermalventsonthesouthernJuandeFucaRidge.JGeophysRes,1987,92:1130311314[DOI]8HaymonRM,KoskiRA,SinclairC.FossilsofhydrothermalventwormsfromCretaceoussulphideoresoftheSamailophiolite,Oman.Science,1984,223:14071409[DOI]9JuniperSK,SarrazinJ.Interactionofventbiotaandhydrothermaldeposits:Presentevidenceandfutureexperimentation.In:HumphrisSE,ZierenbergRA,MullineauxLS,etal,eds.SeafloorHydro-thermalSystems:Physical,Chemical,Biological,andGeologicalIn-teractions.AmGeophysUMonogr,1995,91:17819310CookTL,StakesDS.Biogeologicalmineralizationindeep-seahydrothermaldeposits.Science,