如何做主旨大意题

高考阅读理解常见题型1.Details细节理解题2.Guessmeaning猜测词义题3.Mainideas主旨大意题4.Inference&judgment推理判断题HowToGetTheMainIdea?如何做主旨大意题?主旨大意题的特征及设题这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(Mainidea)，选择标题(title)，判断作者的写作目的(purpose)等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。记叙文、议论文常考文章的主旨大意。一般主旨大意常出现在文章的开头，有时也出现在结尾。当然更重要的是从全文去把握。常见设问方式有：(1)Thesubject/topicofthearticleis……(2)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?(3)Whatdoesthepassage/authormainlydiscuss?(4)What’sthemainpoint/mainidea/centralthoughtofthepassage?(5)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?如何做主旨大意题•做此类题目时•首先，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。•第二，要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意。可利用段落信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。第三:要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主题句(Topicsentence)来表达。主题句常常出现在段首(60%--90%)或段尾处,有时也在段落中间。同样,一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此,在阅读中,我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。HowToGetTheMainIdea?如何做主旨大意题?1词汇2段落3篇章1词汇Catchthekeywords.Howtogetthemainideaofaparagraph?2段落Gettoknowthetypes!1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Boston----ThievesdressedaspoliceenteredamuseumearlySundayandstole11paintings,includingmajorworksbyRembrandt,Dagas,ManetandVermerr,FBI(美国联邦调查局)andthemuseumofficialssaid.Thefirstjudgmentplacedvalueofatleast$100millionontheworksstolenfromtheIsabellaGardenerMuseum,saidBostonpolicespokes-manJimTordan…WilliamBobinson,ofHardvardUnivercity’sFoggelMuseum,calledtheobjectsstolen“majorworks.”Q:Whatisthebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticle?A.ATheftTookPlaceinBostonB.ArtworksstolenbyThievesC.MajorWorksD.Investigationintothetheft扩大概念断章取义无中生有似是而非TypeOne开门见山！即提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式。小结2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance分清supportingsentences和mainideaReadingisthekeytoschoolsuccessand,likeanyskillittakespractice.Achildlearnstowalkbypracticinguntilhenolongerhastothinkabouthowtoputonefootinfrontoftheother.Agreatathletepracticesuntilhecanplayquickly,accurately(精确),withoutthinking.Tennisplayerscallthat“being”inthezone.”Educatorscallit“automaticity’(自动).Theparagraphmainlytellsus_______.A.whatautomaticityisB.howaccuracyisacquired(获得)C.howachildlearnstowalkD.howanathleteistrained.TypeTwo段末点晴先表述细节,后归纳要点结论,概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。小结3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalestrickiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyerBewareB.Closeout(出清存货)SaleC.CrimePaysD.BuyingaTVSetYoudreameachnight,eventhoughyoumaynotrememberyourdreams.Whileyoudreamyoureyesmoveandyourheartbeatsfaster.Evenyourbrain-wavepatternchanges.Somescientiststhinkthatdreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth.Theyclaimthatwithoutdream,peoplewouldgocrazy.Q:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytells?A.HowpeoplestayhealthyB.WhysleepisnecessaryC.WhydreamsareimportantD.Whenpeopleremembertheirdreams偷梁换柱扩大概念断章取义TypeThree段中点旨先表述细节,后归纳要点,然后再进一步阐述主题。但后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味，而不是简单的重复。小结4TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetailTypeFour无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。小结TypesOfParagraphStructurestypeThepositionofthetopicAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentencedetailsParagraphideasPassageidea了解文体特征调整阅读策略提高阅读效率语篇结构知识规律表明，英文中不同的文体都有不同的写作方法和表达方式，辨别体裁，往往使阅读更带有针对性，明确各种体裁的不同特点，阅读时才会心中有数，做到各个击破。历年高考的阅读文章不外乎记叙文、应用文、科研文章、新闻报道、议论文和说明文几种记叙文应采用“七W”导读法(when/who/whose/which/where/what/why),找出对应要点，确定议论段落，文章要义八九不离十应用文,如广告等,应采用测试题导读法，依考查之问题逐一从文中寻到答案，可得事半功倍之效；议论文、说明文则用主题句导读，文章结构主旨了然于胸,并且始终关注首尾段落和每段第一句科研文章、新闻报道则通常以首段标其目。阅读理解首先是对文章中心思想的理解，明确主旨。因此，要求考生归纳全文的中心思想或段落大意是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容（mainidea）型、文章标题（title）型。归纳主旨要义四个小窍门：寻找主题句是解题的关键，主题句通常