中苏国家利益与民族情感的最初碰撞_以_中苏友好同盟互助条约_签订为背景

:,,,,4,,,,,:50,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,301,(),,1999,,,,,,,,1945,,,,19491814,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,1949,,,,,,,,,,,,30,40120016,1949119,17,,1992,44,267271,1950,1950,,4,:,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,1956330,19952;,1958722,,,1994,323;,1958310,,,,194913028,,,,,,,,,,,,,()1921,,,,20,,,1936,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,20,1945:,,,,,,501,194912,:,,:,,,1992,254192434,192434A.(194912),,199556,1945814;,1945814;,1945814,(18401949)(2),,1977,261272,19496,,,,,,,,,,,,,1945,,:,,,;:,,,,,,,,,,:,(),,,,,,,,,,1945,,:,,()1949101,,,,,,,,,,601,1949929,1,,1992,13:(),194974;,1949718,1,151625:(),194974,1,,1998,1516()(),194974,,19982,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,118,,70,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,19491216,,,,,,:,(),,,,,,,,,70119488,(194912),199556A.(),19491110;(),19491110(,,):,,20002,:,,16,,,:,1945,,,:,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1945,,,,,,,,:,,,,16,,,,,,,,,,8011950,19985,19491216,1950,19985,,50,,19491219,1,193(50):,195011,,,,,,,,18,,,,,,21,,,,:,,,,,:,,,,,,,;,,,24,,,,,,,1216,22,,,,,,,195011,,,901,,2962991956,,,,1956330,19952:,20002(19491956),1718(19491956),,1994,1718,,1991,4362,,,,:()(),,,,(),,,:,,,,,:,,(),,?,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4:3,9,195,6,7,,,,,,,,:,,,,113,,,011,195015,195014;:,195018,1,240,:,195012,1,211212:,195012,1,206,,,,,,117,,112,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,120,,1945,;;193550%,,1949,,,,,,,,,,,,122,111,454457,303305:,1950119,1,245247:,1950113,1,235;,1950117,19985,:,,,:,?:,,,,:,!,,,,1516,,1945,,,1945,,,,1945,,30,,,,,,,,,,,,,50%51%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,23,()24,,,,,211;,,1991,23728:,,,1950122,199856,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,28,,,,,,:,;,;,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,1904,311,195021,19985,195028,195028;,1950126,6,19041924192919351945,,,,,,,,:,:,,?22,:,,1000,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,28,,411,19502,19985,195023,19985,,,14,19501963,,1012,,,194592,(19331952),,1962,437439,,,,,,,1952,,,,,,,,,14,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,(14),214,,,,,,,,,1952;1952,;1950,,,1%3,,,511,1950214,,,1953,9199,1950213,1950213,19985,195028,,,1950216,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:611210,,,1950212,19985(19491956),25;,446,1950227;,1950411,1,290291(),,1991,42,,,,,,,,,1946,,:?:,,,,:,,?:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,195012,,:,,,,,:,(45),,,,,,,,,,711:,195012,1,219220:,1958722:,1946129,4,,1996,205,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,330:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1958:4,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,811:,1958722:,,,1988,376;:,1958722:,1,501(),195045,195023,1950122,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1954,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,1953,100871(:)911:,387tryandpatriarchalclansprevalentinSouthChina.Itshouldbetreatedasathirdformofrelationshipbetweenstateandcountrysideduringthatperiod.SpreadandInfluenceofWesternCooperativisminChinaduringtheEarlyYearsoftheTwentiethCen2turyChenYixin(89)WesterncooperativismwascreativelytransformedbyChineseintellectualsduringtheperiodfromthelateQingdynastytothemiddleofthe1920sintoamodeofsocialreformalternativetoradicalcommunistrevolutionandcapitalistfreecompetition.Althoughtheseintellectualsgaveuptheiradvocacyofcooperativesamidsttheearlywavesofthenationalistrevolution,theirinteractionwithmembersoftheGuomindangwasoneofthechiefreasonsfortheGuomindanggovernmentpsadoptionofapolicyofcooperatives.MeanwhiletheearlyCommunistleaderslikeMaoZedongalsocameundertheinfluenceofcooperativism.Herelaythehistoricalsourceofpeas2antcooperativemovementledbytheCommunistPartyofChina.TheInitialClashesofNationalInterestsandNationalSentimentsBetweenChinaandtheSovietUnionOntheNegotiationandSigningoftheTreatyofFriendship,AllianceandMutualAssistanceBetweenthePeoplepsRepublicofChinaandtheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublicsYangKuisong(103)SoonafterthefoundingofNewChinatheChinesegovernmentsignedaTreatyofFriendship,AllianceandMutualAssistancebetweenthePeoplepsRepublicofChinaandtheUSSR.BothMaoZedongandZhouEnlaihighlypraisedthenegotiationsandfullyapprovedthetreaty.However,afterStalinpsdeathMaobegantoincis2ivelycriticizetheadditionalagreementsonNortheastChinaandXinjiangandtheagreementonthefourjointcorporations;heshowedstrongdisapprovalofStalinforhisattitudetowardstheseissues.ThechangeintheCPCleadersppositionfromfightingforthevictoryoftherevolutiontowieldingstatepowerinevitablyinfluencedtheirnationalsentimentsandtheirunderstandingofnationalinterests.Togetherwithdomesticopinionandpublicfeeling,thispromptedthemre2examinetheresultsofthenegotiations,leadingthemtodoubtthesincer2ityoftheSovietleaders.DilemmaofCentralCitiesintheMetropolitanDistrictsintheContemporaryUnitedStatesLiangMaoxin(120)Centrifugalflowsofpopulationandcapitalinmetropolitandistrictsduringthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcenturyshiftedtherich,theindustriesandthepoliticalpowercentertosuburbia,resultinginallkindsofproblemsanddifficultiesinthecentralcities.Theshiftoriginatedfromtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinproduction,transportandcommunicationundertheimpetusofthemarketeconomy.Itnotonlymadesuburbiaanideallivingplaceforurbanresidentsbutalsoprovidednecessarygrowingspaceforenterpris2191CONTENTS