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JohnGalsworthy(1867–1933)约翰高尔斯华绥Ifyoudonotthinkaboutthefuture,youcannothaveone.BriefIntroductionJohnGalsworthy(1867-1933)wasoneofthemostdistinguishedEnglishcriticizedrealisticwriterandplaywrightofthe20thcentury.Heproduced20novels,2plays,3collectionsofpoetry,173shortstories,5collectionsofessays,700lettersTheNobelPrizeinLiterature1932wasawardedtoJohnGalsworthy“forhisdistinguishedartofnarrationwhichtakesitshighestforminTheForsyteSaga(福尔赛世家).”HislifeHismarriageHisspecialfeatureHislifeJohnGalsworthywasbornatKingstonHillinSurrey,Englandintoanestablishedwealthyfamily.HewaseducatedatHarrowandNewCollege,Oxford.Hewastrainedforthelaw,buthewasn’tinterestedinitandinsteadtravelledabroadtolookafterthefamily’sshippingbusinessinterests.DuringthesetravelshemetJosephConrad(康拉德),andthetwofuturenovelistsbecameclosefriends.HismarriageIn1895GalsworthybegananaffairwithAdaPearsoncooper(1864-1956),thewifeofhiscousin.Hiscloseassociationwithhiscousin’swifeAda,whohadanunhappymarriedlife,finallyledtoherdivorce.Afterherdivorcetenyearslater,thepairmarriedonthe23September1905,andstaytogetheruntilhisdeathin1933.HisspecialfeatureHewasaconventionalwriter,havinginheritedthefinetraditionsofthegreatVictoriannovelistsofthecriticalrealism.Technically,hewasmoretraditionalthanadventurous,focusingonplotdevelopmentandcharacterportrayal.Hewasalsosuccessfulinhisattempttopresentsatireandhumorandstraightforwardlanguage.Hisfictionalworldwashonestlyandcompassionatelyconstructedwithinterestingstories,livelycharactersandvividdialogues.HisMajorWorksFromtheFourWinds,1897---firstvolumeofshortstoriesJocelyn,1898---firstnovelManofDevin,德尔郡的一个人,1901TheIslandPharisees,海岛,1904---hisfirstimportantwork,whichcriticizesbourgeoislifeTheSilverBox,1906---hisfirstplayFraternity,喜悦,1909Strife,斗争,1909TheForsyteSaga福尔赛世家---hismasterpieceThefirstForsytetrilogyincludes:TheManofProperty,有产业的人,1906InChancery,骑虎,1920ToLet,出租,1921ThesecondForsytetrilogyincludes:TheWhiteMonkey,白猿,1924TheSilverSpoon,银匙,1926SwanSong,天鹅之歌1926Thethird,EndoftheChapter,1934TheForsyteSaga有产业的人《有产业的人》(1906)是Galsworthy所创作的《福尔赛世家》三部曲中的第一部。书中所描写的福尔赛世家正处于由兴盛到衰落的转折时期。福尔赛一家是金融家、交易所经纪人、拥有房地产或者股票的资产阶级。他们对立身处世、待人接物,对衣食住行、家庭关系,对殖民地、不列颠帝国等都形成了本质上相同的看法,这就是书中所讲的“福尔赛精神”,它的主要特征是“紧抓住财产不放,不管是老婆,还是房子,还是金钱,还是名誉”。《有产业的人》中的主人公索米斯Soames被作者称为“福尔赛军队的先锋”。他把一切东西都当作商品、当作资本。每看见一幅名画、一件古玩,总要想到这在拍卖行里能拍卖多少钱。他买地造屋,首先考虑地价会不会上涨,房子将来能否卖上高价。在对待妻子伊琳Irene的态度上,更加明显地暴露出这种观念。他看中她的美貌,想占为己有,便用金钱收买了伊琳的后母,达到了目的。但他并没有把妻子看做是有独立人格的人,只是像收藏名画一样占有她,自己则由于“在全伦敦面前感到是这个尤物的占有者而沾沾自喜,自觉身价百倍”。ThethingthatprovestobemosttroublesomefortheForsyteisthefactthatSoamesknowsthathiswifeIreneisnothispropertyinitsrealsense.Shehasherwayofthinkingandisdriftingawayfromhim.Shedoesnotlovehim.AndthisissurelymorethanwhatSoamescanstand.Therefore,thealreadytenserelationshipbetweenhusbandandwifegetsevenworse.Thefree-mindedIreneisdeterminednottobepossessedbythehard-headedSoamesandshecomestoaface-to-faceconfrontationwithherhusband.PointsofViewHewasessentiallyabourgeoisliberal,areformist.Hewaspreoccupiedwiththesocialinjusticeinhistime,andregardedhumanlifeasastrugglebetweentherichandthepoor.Hissympathieswerealwaysengagedonthesideofthesufferingpoor.小说的主题小说对于福尔赛一家表面上一团和气、你来我往,骨子里却勾心斗角、互相猜忌、幸灾乐祸的自私心理,作了细致的揭露。小说对资产阶级作了犀利的讽刺,是最能体现Galsworthy进步思想和艺术手法的现实主义杰作。思想局限性描写的生活圈子过于狭隘,局限于资产阶级中上层的道德、婚姻、家庭领域,而没有展现出那一时代广阔的社会风貌。在揭露和讽刺“福尔赛精神”的同时,却又对福尔赛家族某些重要成员,如老乔里恩等人进行理想化的描写。
本文标题:John Galsworthy完整版 文学史 约翰.盖尔斯华绥
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