中国农产品出口面对的国外技术壁垒(国务院发展研究中心,程国强)

中国农产品出口面对的国外技术壁垒ForeignTechnicalTradeBarriersFacingChina’sAgriculturalExportsInternationalSymposiumonFoodsafetyConsumer,trade,andregulationIssuesHangzhou,China，10-11October2003程国强教授,国务院发展研究中心DrCheng,Guoqiang,Profe[e-mail]现任国务院发展研究中心研究员。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。兼任：商务部中国政府WTO通报咨询顾问、国家农业部农业谈判顾问、国家粮食局顾问。获中国国家杰出青年科学基金。主要研究领域：农业政策、农业与农村改革、国际农业贸易问题、多边与区域贸易问题、国际经济、发展经济学StructureofPresentationChina’sAgriculturalTradeForeignTechnicalTradeBarriersFacingChina’sAgriculturalExportsHowtoOvercomeForeignTechnicalTradeBarriers?59.445.322.39.810.111.67.57.83.570.057.833.618.416.616.612.212.19.18.201020304050607080UnitedStatesEUCanadaBrazilChinaAustraliaArgentinaThailandMexicoRussianFed.a19902001Leadingexportersofagriculturalproducts,1990/2001(BilUS$)Source:WTO,2003Leadingexportersofagriculturalproducts,1990(BilUS$)59.445.322.311.610.19.87.87.57.56010203040506070UnitedStatesEUCanadaAustraliaChinaBrazilThailandMalaysiaArgentinaNewZealandSource:WTO,200379.868.456.920.115.612.812.511.411.17.00102030405060708090EUUnitedStatesJapanChinaCanadacMexicoKorea,Rep.ofRussianFed.aHongKong,ChinaTaipei,ChineseLeadingimportersofagriculturalproducts,2001(BilUS$)Source:WTO,200302040608010012014016018020019921993199419951996199719981999200020012002100MilUS$ExportSurplusImportExportChina’sAgriculturalTradeChina’sAgriculturalTrade:ShareofTotalTrade4.46.6051015202530198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002002AgriImportShareAgriExportShareTop5agricultureexports,20024726.52795.52223.31200.2787.60500100015002000250030003500400045005000LiveanimalsandmeatVegetablesandProductsCerealsandproductsFruitsandProductsJuiceandBeverageMilUS$TotalChinaagriculturalexports,2002rankedbycountry/region57.220.620.416.35.75.34.94.44.23.0010203040506070JapanHongKongKorea,Rep.ofUSMalaysiaIndonesiaGermanyRussianFed.MexicoNetherlands100MilUS$TotalChinaagriculturalimports,2002rankedbycountry/region27.214.511.49.08.97.24.94.33.33.3051015202530USAustraliaBrazilEUArgentinaMalaysiaCanadaThailandIndonesiaNewZealand100MilUS$什么因素决定今后的国际农产品贸易？MTAvsRTA和FTA发达国家的农业保护主义发展中国家经济增长：粮食安全、消除贫困和农村发展——农业竞争力的提高影响中国农产品出口的主要国际因素技术壁垒反倾销措施高关税、关税升级高补贴、不公平的竞争环境ForeignTechnicalTradeBarriersFacingChina’sAgriculturalExportsTBTandSPSNotificationtoWTO:1995-200138950184668069763757119824129833544546877258774211441015114211051343020040060080010001200140016001995199619971998199920002001TBTSPS合计2001年WTO成员TBT通报的行业分布130183116215221272238013020406080100120140160180200农产品、食品机电产品纺织品服装医药轻工石油、化工冶金环保包装、标签服务业安全、法规、标准其它主要国家的技术壁垒JapanEUKoreaUSOthers日本SPSTBT检测程序媒体壁垒U.S.TechnicalTradeBarriersToOvercomeForeignTechnicalTradeBarriers战略生产源头控制：公司＋基地/农场/养殖场工厂控制：HACCP,ISO9000产品升级技术创新市场多元化食品安全监管体系食品安全法律法规体系防疫、检疫体系行业组织WTO机制双边交涉、谈判TheEndThanks