研究生英语课件1

Lesson6ABeautifulMindCATALOGUEBackgroundInformationOutlineLanguagePointsKeysOralPracticeAndDiscussiontextBackgroundInformation1.IntroductiontotheAuthorSylviaNasardiscoveredtheremarkablestoryofNobellaureateJohnNashasaneconomicsreporterfortheNewYorkTimes.AveteranbusinessjournalistwhohadbeenonthestaffsofFortuneandU.S.News&WorldReport,shewasfascinatedbyNash’sintellectualachievementsandtriumphoverschizophrenia（精神分裂症）.Herarticle,TheLostYearsoftheNobelLaureate,depictedhislifeasathree-actdramaonthemysteriesofthemind:genius,madness,reawakening.BackgroundInformation2.IntroductiontoJohnNashJohnNashwasamathematicalgeniuswhose27-pagedissertation,“Non-CooperativeGames”,writtenin1950whenhewas21,wouldbehonoredwiththeNobelPrizeinEconomicsin1994.BackgroundInformationHismostimportantworkhadbeeningametheory(博弈论),whichbythe1980swasunderpinningalargepartofeconomics.WhentheNobelPrizecommitteebegandebatingaprizeforgametheory,Nash’snameinevitablycameup—onlytobedismissed,sincetheprizeclearlycouldnotgotoamadman.Butin1994Nash,inremissionfromschizophrenia,sharedtheNobelPrizeineconomicsforworkdonesome45yearspreviously.OutlineCommentsonNashDescriptionsGenius(Para.4)Nash’sgeniuswasofthatmysteriousvarietymoreoftenassociatedwithmusicandartthanwiththeoldestofallsciences:Itwasnotmerelythathismindworkedfaster,thathismemorywasmoreretentive,orthathispowerofconcentrationwasgreater.Theflashesofintuitionwerenon-rational.Originality(Para.5)1.Nashacquiredhisknowledgeofmathematicsnotmainlyformstudyingwhatothermathematicianshaddiscovered,butbyrediscoveringtheirtruthsforhimself.2.Eagertoastound,hewasalwaysonthelookoutforthereallybigproblems.3.Whenhefocusedonsomenewpuzzle,hesawdimensionsthatpeoplewhoreallyknewthesubject(heneverdid)initiallydismissedasnaiveorwrong-headed.OutlineOutlineDistainofauthority(Para.5)1.Asayoungmanhewassurroundedbythehighpriestsoftwentieth-centuryscience—AlbertEinstein,JohnvonNeumann,andNorbertWiener—buthejoinednoschool,becamenoone’sdisciple,gotalong:largelywithoutguidesorfollowers.2.Inalmosteverythinghedid—fromgametheorytogeometry—hethumbedhisnoseatthereceivedwisdom,currentfashions,establishedmethods.OutlineFaithinrationality(Para.6)1.Hewasbeguiledbytheideaofalienracesofhyper-rationalbeingswhohadtaughtthemselvestodisregardallemotion.2.Compulsivelyrational,hewishedtoturnlife’sdecisions—whethertotakethefirstelevatororwaitforthenextone,wheretobankhismoney,whatjobtoaccept,whethertomarry—intocalculationsofadvantageanddisadvantage,algorithmsormathematicalrulesdivorcedfromemotion,convention,andtradition.OutlinePeculiarpersonality(Para.7)1.Hiscontemporaries,onthewhole,foundhimimmenselystrange.Theydescribedhimas“aloof”,“haughty”,“withoutaffect”,“detached”,“spooky”,“isolated”,and“queer”.2.Hismanner—slightlycold,abitsuperior,somewhatsecretive—suggestedsomething“mysteriousandunnatural”.Peculiarpersonality(Para.7)3.Hisremotenesswaspunctuatedbyflightsofgarrulousnessaboutouterspaceandgeopoliticaltrends,childishpranks,andunpredictableeruptionsofanger.Buttheseoutburstswere,moreoftenthannot,asenigmaticashissilences.4.“Heisnotoneofus”wasaconstantrefrain.OutlineOutlineAchievements1.Nashprovedhimself,inthewordsoftheeminentgeometerMikhailGromov,“themostremarkablemathematicianofthesecondhalfofthecentury.”Para.32.In1958,FortunesingledNashoutforhisachievementsingametheory,algebraicgeometry,andnonlineartheory,callinghimthemostbrilliantoftheyoungergenerationofnewambidextrousmathematicianswhoworkedinbothpureandappliedmathematicians.Para.7LanguagePoints1.strain(v.)tostretchsthtightlybypulling;tomakethegreatestpossibleeffort;toinjureorweakenapartofyourbodybystretchingtoomuchortryingtoohard;toforcesthbeyondalimitofwhatisacceptable(Para.1)①那条绳子快要被拉断了。Theropewasstrainedalmosttothebreakingpoint.②那位歌手声嘶力竭才把高音唱出来。Thesingerhadtostraintoreachthehighnotes.③你在这样的光线下看书会伤害眼睛的。You’llstrainyoureyestryingtoreadinthislight.④难民的涌入使我们有限的设施不堪重负。Theinfluxofrefugeesisstrainingourlimitedfacilities.LanguagePoints2.bursttomove,appear,sendoutorproducesthsuddenlyandunexpectedly(Para.3)①观众爆发出一阵掌声。Theaudienceburstintoapplause.②2001年，这个年轻的政党突然出现在政治舞台上。Theyoungpartyburstontothepoliticalscenein2001.③看到她脸上的表情，他们都大笑起来。Theyallburstoutlaughingattheexpressiononherface.LanguagePoints3.obsesstofillinthemindofsbcontinually;tothinkaboutsthmuchmorethanisnecessary(AmE)(Para.5)①他晚年一直受着死亡恐惧的困扰。Thefearofdeathobsessedhimthroughouthisoldage.②你总是一心想着挣钱。You’vealwaysbeenobsessedwithmakingmoney.③他迷恋上了别人的妻子。Hehadbecomeobsessedwithanotherman’swife.④不要过于担心你的体重，你看上去很好。Stopobsessingaboutyourweight.Youlookfine.LanguagePoints4.bejealousofformalwantingtokeeporprotectsomethingthatyouhavebecauseyouareproudofit小心守护，珍惜，惟恐失去①他们尽力维护自己的权利。Theyarejealousoftheirrights.②这里的人们很珍惜他们的自由。Thepeopleherearejealousoftheirfreedom.③她极度害怕失去她的男朋友。Shewasextremelyjealousofherboy-friend.LanguagePoints5.getalongtohaveaharmoniousorfriendlyrelationshipwithsb;toprogressinsthyouaredoing;leaveaplace(Para.5)①我总觉得他有点难以相处。I’vealwaysfoundhimabitdifficulttogetalongwith.②你的女儿在大学学习怎么样？How’syourdaughtergettingalongatuniversity?③是我们该走的时候了。It’stimewewerege