非常有价值的英语演讲课件4

EnglishPublicSpeakingLectureFourPresentingthespeechAspeakeruselanguagethewayanartistusescolors.Thischapterexplainshowspeakingandwritingusedifferentstyles.Everylanguagehascertaindevicesforembellishment.Wewillexplainhowaspeakercanachieveclarityandvividness.Itisimportantforaspeakertolearnwhatlanguageisappropriateforaspeechandwhatlanguagetoavoid.SpeechLanguagePartIUsingLanguageAccuratelyPartIIUsingLanguageClearlyPartIIIUsingLanguageVividlyPartIVUsingLanguageAppropriatelyByspeaking,wecanonlymaketheaudience“hear”whatwesay,thiswillcausemuchmoremisunderstandingthanbywritingandreading.2.Manywordswhichmayhavesimilarmeaningcanbeusedverydifferently.1.Usinglanguageaccuratelyisveryimportanttoaspeaker.PartIUsingLanguageAccuratelyComparethefourwords:approve,admire,praiseandrespect,then,fillintheblankswiththeappropriateone.approveadmirepraiserespectEveryoneintheclassdecideditwasimportantto________eachother’srighttovoiceherorhisopinion.Oftenthemostencouragingthingyoucandoforachildisto_________hisorhercreativeefforts.Itisuptothemanagerto__________thecompany’snewsalesplan.praiseapproverespectOnecannothelpbut__________thededicationofOlympicathleteswhotrainforyearstocaptureagoldmedal.admire2.Manywordswhichmayhavesimilarmeaningcanbeusedverydifferently.AChineseExample:牺牲，逝世，完蛋了PartIIUsingLanguageAccurately1.Usefamiliarlanguage.PeopleusuallyhavethewrongideathatunfamiliarwordswillsoundmoreimpressivetothelistenersComparethefollowingtwostatementsanddecidewhichoneisclearer.PartIIIUsingLanguageClearlyDon’tassumethatwhatiscleartoyouiscleartoyouraudience.StatementAIsthisagenuineaffirmationthattheutterancesyouanticipatecommunicatingduringthetimeperiodimmediatelysucceedingthepresentshallbeentirelyveraciousanddevoidofdeception,completeinallpertinentminutiaeandparticularities,andabsentauthorityofyourallegianceandfidelitytothesupremedeity?StatementBDoyouswearthatthetestimonyyouareabouttogiveshallbethetruth,thewholetruth,andnothingbutthetruth,sohelpyouGod?Whenspeakingabouttechnicalsubjects,keepthetechnicaltermtoaminimumanddefineclearlythosethatyouraudiencemaynotunderstand.WinstonChurchill:tospeakinshort,homelywordsofcommonusage.GettysburgAddresscontainsonly271words,ofwhich251haveonlyoneortwosyllables.PartIIIUsingLanguageClearlyLookatthefollowingexpressions:1.At9:00a.minthemorning.2.Wefirstbeganthediscussion.3.Imyselfpersonally.4.Aboutapproximately10inchesorso.5.Theanmountof$10waspaid.6.Conductastudyontheincreasingdivoicerate.7.Therearethreepeoplewhowantto…PoorBetterIntoday’smodernsociety,thestudentsofhighschoolagemustaddadditionalcoursestotheirschedulesiftheyaregoingtobefullypreparedinacompletewayforasuccessfulcareer.Modernhighschoolstudentsmusttakemorecoursestoprepareforaasuccessfulcareer.Callinganewclientonatelephonewhichisarealproblemismadeeasierbythenewtelephonesystem.Callinganewclientonthetelephonehasbeenarealproblem.Thenewtelephonesystemmakesiteasier.PartIIIUsingLanguageClearly2.ChooseConcreteWords.Concretewordswordsthatrefertotangibleobjects.Abstractwordswordsthatrefertoideasorconcepts.physicalactivitysportsgolfprofessionalgolfTigerWoodsabstract/generalconcrete/specificPoorBetterTaxeswillgoup.Taxeswillincreaseby22percent.Itwasastormyday.Theskywasgreyandgloomy,andthecold,moistwindstungmyface.Crimeisrampantinourcity.Burglaryalonehasgonewayupinthepastyearorso.Soyoucanseethattherightkindoflockonyourdoorisessentialtoyoursafety.Crimeinourcityhasincreasedby54%inthelastyear,andthenumberofburglarieshasdoubled.Onewayofmakingourhomesburglary-proofistomakesurethatalldoorshavesolidlocks.Iboughtonesuchlock:it’sadouble-keyeddeadboltlock.Createwordpicturesthatgetyourlistenersinvolvedwithastory.A.ConcreteWordsConcretewordscallupmentalimpressionsofsights,sounds,touch,smell,andtaste.1.ImageryPartIVUsingLanguageVividly--Walkingintomygrandparents’housewhenIwasachildwaslikebeingwrappedinagiantsecurityblanket.B.SimilePartIVUsingLanguageVividly--America’scitiesarethewindowsthroughwhichtheworldlooksatAmericansociety.--Withglobalization,thesameseawashesallofhumankind.Weareallinthesameboat.Therearenosafeislands.(KofiAnnan)C.MetaphorPartIVUsingLanguageVividly…IspeakasaRepublican.Ispeakasawoman.IspeakasaUnitedStatesSenator.IspeakasanAmerican.IspeakasaRepublican.Ispeakasawoman.IspeakasaUnitedStatesSenator.AndIamalsoaddressingyouasanAmerican.A.Parallelism–thesimilararrangementofapairofseriesofrelatedwords,phrases,orsentences.PartIVUsingLanguageVividlyWhenyouseeyourstreet,seemystreet.Whenyouseeyourhouse,seemyhouse.Whenyouseeyourchildren,seemychildren.Wewillnottire,wewillnotfalter,andwewillnotfail.(GeorgeW.Bush)B.Repetition–reiterationofthesamewordorsetofwordsatthebeginningorendofthesuccessiveclausesorsentences.PartIVUsingLanguageVividlyInanationfoundedonthepromiseofhumandignit