从认知假设到计算分析和程序实现_一种认知语言学研究的计算范式与技术路线

122010297-114,从认知假设到计算分析和程序实现*一种认知语言学研究的计算范式与技术路线袁毓林!陈振宇!张秀松!李湘北京大学周强!!高嵩清华大学!:,,;,,;,,,;,,∀#,;∀#,!()!()!()!1.:,:Chomsky,(),;,,Langacker,,,,,,Winograd(1983),,,,;,,97:*∀#(:07AYY004)∀#(:60573185)2007(863)∀#(:2007AA01Z173),,;,,:,,,,,;,,;,,,(),;,,()(),,,;,2.:,,,,,,,(863)(2007AA01Z173)∀#(,),,(),:++1:981!,,,,;,,,,VN,,,,,,,,,,;,,;,,,,∀∃∃#,(chunk),;,;,,,;,3.:,:(1);(2);(3),99201023.1,,,,2!3!4!2:,,();100();():///3:∀#,∀#;∀#4::,,://,,,,FrameNetConceptNet,:(INH)(CAU)(INC)(PST)(COE)(USE)(SEQ)(SUB);,(Chen,eta.l2002),,1:Own(x,y)Have(x,y)+Belongto(y,x)Have(x,y)have(x,y)_OR_NOT_have(x,y)Belongto(y,x)have(x,y)_OR_NOT_have(x,y)PossessionIn(x,y,t)do(x,P(x,t))_CAUSE_(have(x,t)&NOT_have(y,t))PossessionOut(x,y,t)do(x,P(x,t))_CAUSE_(have(y,t)&NOT_have(x,t))Transfer(x,y,t)PossessionIn(x,y,t)+PossessionOut(x,y,t)GoodTransfer(x,y,g)Transfer(x,y,g)&Ownership(g)Buy(x,g)GoodTransfer(x,y,g)&HIDE(y)&Direction(IN)&[P=Buy]1!,,,:Buy(x,g)::=GoodTransfer(x,y,g)&HIDE(y)&Direction(IN)&[P=Buy]=Transfer(x,y,g)&Ownership(g)&HIDE(y)&Direction(IN)&[P=Buy]=(PossessionIn(x,y,g)+PossessionOut(x,y,g))&Ownership(g)&HIDE(y)&Direction(IN)&[P=Buy]=PossessionIn(x,y,g)&Ownership(g)&HIDE(y)&[P=Buy]=do(x,P(x,g))_CAUSE_(have(x,g)&NOT_have(y,g))&Ownership(g)&HIDE(y)&[P=Buy]=do(x,P(x,g))_CAUSE_(have(x,g)&Ownership(g)&[P=Buy]3.2,,()∀∃#,,(2008);,10120102,(2008);,,,,,,∀#,:01EndEndA:;D:;P:EndS1:A+__+D+P:~S2:A+P+__+D:~S3:P+A+__+D:~S4:P+A+__+D:~S5:D+__+P:~~S6:A+__+P:~~200S7:P+__+D:~200~End01EndEndA:;D:;102P:EndS1:A+__+P:~,~S2:M+__+P:~~S3:A+/D+__+P:~~S4:A+P+__:~S5:A+/D+P+__+:~S6:P+(A)+__+:~End3.3,,,,,,,:(1),;(2),,,∀∃#∀#∀#,,:=,,,,,,,,,,%=Give(x,y,t)=x∃Ay∃Dt∃P=,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%=Buy(x,y,g)=x∃Ay∃Dg∃P,,,,,,∀#,,,9()50735,,1032010215004.:,,:,,(),,:,;:?,;,,,?,,,,,,,4.1,,(base),∀#∀#∀#∀()()#,∀()()#∀#∀#,∀#∀#,,55!∀#1045,(addresser,ADR)(addressee,ADE),;(bridge,BR),,,,;,6,200,70,,,,∀123456789101112131415%%#4.256,,,,(),(),(),∀#,,∀R(x,y)#,xy,(x,y),,,∀R(x,y)#∀xyR#,∀()#∀#∀#,:(1)(),∀x#x;(2)(),∀xy#xy;(3),∀x#x,∀#(),∀#,(12):(1)(x,y);(2)[&(x,x1)]∋(x1,y)∋yx(1),(2)(2),xx1(x1x),x1y(yx1,yx;,yx:∀∋#(),;∀&#(),105201026!106(12),,,(),,∀#,:()()(),∀R1R2#R1,R2;R2,R1;R2,R1;R1,R2(3):(3)(x,y)[&(x,x1)]∋(x1,y),yx,x1,x1x,yx1,∀#,∀#∀#,∀#()()(),∀R1(∃R2#,(4):(4)(x,y)(∃(y,x),yx,xy,:()(5):(5)(x,y)(∃(x,y)∋y∋yx()(6):(6)(x,y)(∃(y,x),∀/#,()(7):(7)a.(x,y)(∃(x,x1)∋(x1,y);b.(x,y)(x,x1)∋(x1,y);c.(x,y)(x,x1)∋(x1,y);d.(x,y)(∃[&&&(x,x1)]∋(x1,y);e.(x,y)[&(x,x1)]∋[&(x1,y)];.f(x,y)(x,x1)∋(x1,y);g.(x,y)(x,x1)∋[&(x1,y)];h.(x,y)[&&&(x,x1)]∋[&(x1,y)];%%%%,,,107201024.3,,(),,,(),:(1)(200)(100),∀#(2)(3),,∀#;,∀#;(3660)∀#,,2:!!!!!!x++y++R1R2R2(x,y)∋R1(y,x)x++y++RR(x,y)∋R(y,x)y++x++RR(x,y)y++z++x++R1R2R1(x,y)∋R2(x,z)y++x+++RR(x,y)x++R++yR(x,y)x+++R++yR(x,y)x+///+y+(+)RR(x,y)x++y++RR(x,y)%%%%2!(),∀#,:!!!!!!x+__+y+(/+)RR(x,y)x+y+__+RR(x,y)x+y+__++RR(x,y)y+x+__++RR(x,y)x+__+y+RR(x,y)x+y+__(++/)(x,y)&(x,y)x+__+y++/(x,y)y+x+__++/(x,y)y+__+x++/(x,y)x+__+y++(x,y)y+__++x++(x,y)%%%%3!108,(,∀#);,,(1),(5),∀()1#;(2),(5),,,∀()#(slots),∀#,4.4,,,Prolog,Prolog,,,,4.4.1,,,;,;,Prolog,,PrologHornProlog,,;,Prolog,,:r(x,y,z),r,xy,z,r(a,b,),∀ab#,∀ba#,∀a?#,Prologr(a,X,),X;Prolog,X,X,,r(X,Y,):r(X,X1,),r(X1,Y,),X1X,YX1,YX,,PrologHornProlog,Prolog:():,r(X,Y,):r(Y,X,).r(X,Y,):r(Y,X,),Prolog,,,10920102():,r(X,Y,):r(X,X1,),r(X1,X2,),r(X2,Y,).,,,103,33000;ab,a,3000,a103,∀#b,,,4.4.2,∀#,5,:(1)male(X).!!!!!!X(2)female(X).X(3)child(X,Y).YX(XY)(4)husband(X,Y).YX(XY)(5)elder(X,Y).YX(XY/),,()();,5103,,∀#,r(X,Y,):husband(X,Y),male(Y)∀#,,103,,,103,,,()(),∀∃#,,,∀∃∃#5,,,5,,4.4.3:(1);(2),,(1)ABBC(∋),;(2),;(3);(4)(male/female/unknown,0)1)2)3,),,110,:(4a)elder,;(4b),;(4c),;(4d),(elder),,(2):(2a)husband,malefemale:husband(x,y)husband(x,y)∋female(x)∋male(y);(2b)elder,elder:elder(x,x1)∋elder(x1,y)elder(x,y);(2c)child,1(,),husbandchild:child(x1,x)∋female(x1)husband(x1,x2)∋male(x2)∋child(x2,x);child(x1,x)∋male(x1)husband(x2,x1)∋female(x2)∋child(x2,x),(3a):husband(x,a)husband(y,a),x=y;husband(a,x)husband(a,y),x=y;(3b):child(x,a)child(y,a),xy,x=y()();,,,,4.4.4,:ABBC,AC;(:&&),,:(1)AC,,∀(a,b)∋(b,c)∃(a,x)∋(x,c)#;,∀#;(2)AC,∀(a,b)∋(b,c)∃&&(a,c)#;,∀,;,//#,∀#∀#,;(3),∀(a,b)∋(b,c)∃&&&(a,c)#,:∀#∀(a,b)(a,b)#,;∀(a,b)∋(b,c)#(∀#),128,,,∀(a,b)∋(b,c)∃(a,c)#,,84,84,11120102:ba,cb;(:ab,bc;):ca?(:ac?),:r(a,b,)∃male(b),husband(x3,b),child(x1,x3),female(x3),female(x1),child(x1,x2),male(x2),child(x2,a)r(b,c,)∃female(c),male(b),husband(x4,b),child(c,x4),,husband(x3,b),husband(x4,b),x3x4,x4x3,child(x1,x3)child(c,x3),x1c,,:male(b);husband(x3,b);child(c,x3);child(c,x2);child(x2,a);female(x3);male(x2);male(b);female(c);child(c,x3)Prologr(a,c,X):r(a,c,):female(c),child(c,x2),male(x2),child(x2,a).,:ca∀(a,b)∋(b,c)∃&(a,c)#:(1.1):child(x1,a);female(x1);child(x2,x1);child(x2,b);male(b);child(y1,b);child(y1,y2);elder(b,y2);husband(y2,c).(1.2):husband(y2,c),male(c);female(y2);child(x1,a)female(x1),husband(x1,x3);male(x3);child(x3,a).child,,(1.3):child(x1,a);female(x1);child(x2,x1);child(x2,b);male(b);child(y1,b);child(y1,y2);elder(b,y2);husband(y2,c);male