粉末冶金生产工艺的两大发展(1)

21120112POWDERMETALLURGYINDUSTRYVol.21No.1Feb.2011:2010-07-09:(1935-),(),,,,,,,,(,100081):粉末冶金是节能高效环境友好适合大批量生产的金属成形工艺,又因其工艺特点,创造了一系列特殊性能和用途的新材,有着广阔的发展前景但是传统粉末冶金工艺制备的材料均含有残余孔隙,影响了性能的提高,其生产的零件的形状复杂性也受到限制以粉末冶金高速工具钢为代表的完全致密化工艺是粉末冶金生产工艺的一大发展,粉末注射成形则是对粉末冶金零件复杂形状局限性的又一大发展本文简述了近年来这两大发展的新进展:粉末冶金;粉末冶金高速钢;粉末冶金工具钢;粉末注射成形:TF12:A:1006-6543(2011)01-0045-09THETWOBREAKTHROUGIESOFPOWDERMETALLURGYDEVELOPMENTCIAOYongjia,ZHONGHailin,HAOQuan,LIXiaoming,KUANGChuengjiang,FANGYucheng(ChinaIronandSteelResearchInstituteGroup,Beijing100081,China)Abstract:Conventionalpowdermetallurgymaterialscontainresidualpores,whichaffectsthematerialspropertiesandrestrictstheproductshapeAsrepresentativefulldensitymaterial,thedensificationprocessofpowdermetallurgyhighspeedsteelisabigbreakthroughofpowdermetallurgytechnologyAnothermajorbreakthroughispowderinjectionmoldingforcomplexshapesofpowdermetallurgypartsThisarticledescribednewdevelopmentsofthetwomajorbreakthroughsinrecentyearsKeywords:powdermetallurgy;powdermetallurgyhighspeedsteel;powderinjectionmolding,,,;,;,;,--;,;,(),---():,-:,,,2060,-,2080,,,,,1(PMHSS)11-,,,2060-PMHSS,,PMHSS[1]:(1),;(2);(3);(4);(5)();(6),;(7),12PMHSS1965,2070CrucibleStora(Erasteel)+(HIP)10%~15%,,5~8,DSSCarpenterCrucibleScanaUddeholmErasteelBohlerPMHSSOlleGrinder,2004HIPPMHSS9750t,2070PMHSSCrucibleStora,PMHSS,+LF1994Soederfors,ESH(ElectroSlagHeating)ASP2000,(06~22m)ESH90%,[2,3,4]2000BohlerUddeholmPMHSS,PMHSS,PMHSSESH,,45~250m,D5060m,500m,1m;,;20%PMHSSMICROCLEAN(),1Erasteel2002PMHSS,Dvalin2004DvalinTM,PMHSSDvalinTMPMHSS90%1cm350m,PMHSS06,003,DvalinTM0002,PMHSS;100mm,M42(S15-95-12-8)13GPa,PMHSSASP30(S64-5-31-8)30GPa,PMHSSESHASP203035GPa,PMHSSDvalinTMASP203042GPa,PMHSS20%[3][1]7336.2-2346211BohlerUddeholm213,20086196409t70,(30kg9m),,30010-6,,[5],,,27010-6,3272MPa,66~68HRC,,M42,3~8[5],,,-10010-6,,---,200mm930mmFT15,2006,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,14PMHSS,PMHSS,,ErasteelDvalinTMASP2080471:,71HRC,BohlerUddeholmS290Microclean,70HRC,1[6]1PMHSSCWMoCrVCoHRCDvalinTMASP2080245110504063160711180,5601h3S290Microclean20143253851110701180,5401h322[4]2AISI()/%CCrWMoVHRCBohler/UddeholmVANADIS4E15080015040060~62VANADIS1029080015098062~63M3VANADIS2313042062550030059~66VANCRON40CrWMoV62~65MICROCLEANK390245415100375900Co=20060~65MICROCLEANK890085435255280210Co=45058~62CrucibleCPM1V05545021527510055~603VCPM3V08075013027558~62M4CPMM414040055052540058~659VCPM9V18052513090051~57A11/10VCPM10V24552513097554~63CPM15V340525130145058~63CPM18V390525130175058~63ErasteelM4ASP200414042050050041057~66ASP200515040025025040056~649VASP200918052513091051~57A11ASP201124552513097554~63ASP201206040021020015048~59M3ASP202312841064050031059~66A11AHP10V24552513097554~63AHP9VNb2245525130865Nb=17054~6321,CPM10V,1978CPM10VCPMCrucible1%~18%K390microcleanBohler,K390microclean,CPM10VAHP9VNb2,MicrocleanK390,AHP10V,AHP9VNb2AHP10V,10%,322,,,48213AHP9VNb210VCPM1-AHP10V;2-AHP9VNb2;3-AHP9VNb23T440CD23,14%~24%Cr,3%~15%V,1%~3%Mo,17%~375%C23,,,3()/%CCrVMoCPM14Cr9VCPM420V(9V)2301491CPM14Cr12VCPM20V(12V)28514121CPM14Cr15VCPM20V(15V)325141451CPM17Cr6VCPM440VM1901761CPM17Cr3VElmaxCPM1701731CPM20Cr4VMicrocleanM3901902041060%WCPM24Cr9VSupracor3752493S30V1451400400200T440C1051705D2155115084CMnSCrMoVWM2103-415500195640M414203006400525400550CPMM414203006400525400550CPMM4(HS)1420702240052540055024:,CPM10VMicrocleanK390AHP9VNb2,CPM9VCPM3V(1)(5)5/D210CPM10V50D222~6CPM10V25~60316M2CPM10VM2=31(2)(6)6/(CPM15V2052~54HRC)CPM10V11304D215CPM10V100(3)(7)491:7/Ni5CPM10V200(4)(4)(5)(5)45331(PIM)[7]6,(MIM),IT6MIMMIM,50%,,,,,PIM()/,,MIM14MIM10%~15%,MIM10()(8)MIM,,TiCu82004~2008MIM()MIM/200420072008$185$365$34560$245$330$380135$203$275$30060$635$970$1025255311MIM,60MIM,200927MIM,200848%,38(9)MIMMIM5021SumitomoMetalMiningLtd05,EpsonAtmix03892008MIM()MIM2008()/$15530$6025$3510$4060$654//$155$101$3801353122008MIM23%60MIMMIMSchunkSinternetalltechnikGKNSinterMetals(MIM)31360MIM,200829%,3AFTMIM,,MIM314BCCResearch200810,MIM201420081019,550%MIM10MIM2009//%2014//%/%(2009~2014)460848959511582797284842511623102342422129134133219898491001900100140315[7]2006030~045,200715%MIM,,200635~40MIM(60)120~16090,MIMMIM,PIM32PIM[8](MicrosystemsTechnology,MST),,(MicroPowderInjectionMolding,PIM)MST,,PIM,,PIMPIM:(1)PIM(2),PIM(7)(8)7817-4PH()511:(3)PIM,(9)917-4PHSTS316L(4)PIM,(10)(11)10(850m)11316L33PIM,PIM,PIM,PIM10%~15%2080PIM[9],1989PIM,,1998PIM,5,,PIM2003,,,95%,PIM,,PIM60,PIM,,PIM,(1)PIM20m,PIM(2),,,PIM-(3)PIM03%~05%,,,PIM,(4)PIM,PIM,,PIM(5)PIM,PIMPIM30,PIMPIM,[1],,14:,200652212011:TF12:D,,,(),201182011,,,(),::,6000:,,,,Word,A4,:[e-mail],2011610:020871129338711385187110099;:02087112111;:510640;:381;:(13922266121)(肖志瑜)[2]BernsH,LueqJ,TrojahnW,etalThefatiguebehaviorofconventionalandpowdermetallurgyhighspeedsteels[J]PowderMetallurgyInternational,1987,19(4):2226[3],2007,17(2):3036[4]HellmanPAnewpowder-metallurgyprocessforproductiontoolanddiesteels[J]Engineers'Digest,1970,31(9):9395[5]CaoYongjia,WangHonghai,LuoXiyuPropertiesofP/MHighSpeedSteelsProceedingsoftheIntMetConf,1980WashingtonDCModernDevelopmentsinPowderMetallurgy,Vol13,213227[6][J]