粉末冶金粉体制备

PowderMetallurgyPrincipleRuanJianmingPowderMetallurgyResearchInstitute2007ParticleScienceandEngineering粉末冶金原理(课程分布)40学时教学方式:双语讲学Chinese/English课程内容:PartIPowderfabrication粉体制备PartⅡPowdercharacterization性能•Howdothepowdersfabricate？•Mainmethodstofabricatepowders•Whatphysio-chemicalphenomenoncouldbeobservedduringpowderfabrication？•Whichmethodissuitabletosphereparticles？•Howabouttheparticlemorphologies？•Howcanweobtainthehighpurity？•Whattakesplaceduringthepowderfabri.?•Whichconditiontocontroltheparticlesize?•Whatcanwedo?relatedpowdermakings.Continuers•Whatarethemicrostructuresoftheparticles?•Whatistheapparentdensityofthepowders?Whichequipmentcanmeasurethefineparticles?课时安排TalkingarrangementsPartⅠ粉末制备28hrs机械研磨Mechanicalgrinding4hrs雾化制粉Atomization4hrs快速冷凝RSTRapidsolidification4hrs化学沉积Chemistryprecipitation4hrs电解制粉Electricalfabrication4hrs还原制粉Reduction8hrs序言Introduction2hrs参考书籍:ReferencesPowderMetallurgyScience粉末冶金原理黄培云P/M.Principle考核成绩Score作业30%卷面考试70%PartⅡ粉末性能12hrs颗粒结构Particlemicrostructure4hrs粒度分布Particlesizeanddistribution4hrs比表面Specificsurface2hrs考试Testing2hrs(closebook)WhatisPowderMetallurgyPowdermetallurgy•Studyoftheprocessingofmetalpowders,includingthefabrication,characterization,andconversionofmetalpowdersintousefulengineeringcomponents.•Studyofthebasiclawsandmechanismsofpowderfabri.,powdercompaction,sinteringandsurfacetreatments.•R&Dofnovelmaterialsandproducts.PowderMetallurgyProcessingpowderMicrostructureChemistryPackingSizeShapeFabricationtoolingprocessingMoldRollExtrudeSinterForgeHotpresstestingpropertiesDensityDuctilityMagneticStrengthConductivityMicrostructurePowderMetallurgyProcessing粉末冶金材料和制品的工艺流程举例原料粉末其它添加剂热压松装烧结粉浆烧注混合压制等静压制轧制挤压烧结烧结浸适热处理电镀预烧结高温烧结复压锻打复烧拉丝烧缩精整锻造轧制挤压烧结（浸油）热处理粉末冶金成品ReasonsforusingpowdermetallurgyEconomicUniqueCaptivecostproecisionproductivity(example:automobilegears)refractoryreactive(example:tungstenlampfilaments)alloysmicrostructures(example:stainlesssteelfilters)IdealApplications(example:poroustantalumcapacitors)IronandsteelAluminumCopperNickelTungstenStainiesssteelTin0.0010.010.11RelativeProductionThefutureofpowdermetallurgyAcomparisonoftherelativeproductionforsomecommonmetalpowders,logarithmicscale.•Highvolumeproductionofprecise,highqualitystructuralpartsfromferrousalloys;•Consolidationofhighperformancematerials,wherefulldensityandreliabilityareprimaryconcerns;•Fabricationofdifficultytoprocessmaterials,wherefullydensehighperformancealloyscanbefabricatedwithuniformmicrostructure;Furtherconsiderations1•Economicconsolidationofspeciallyalloys,typicallycompositescontainingmixedphase;•Synthesisofnonequilibriummaterialssuchasamorphous,microcrystalline,orsomespecialalloys;•Processingofcomplexpartswithuniqueingredients(组元）oruncommonshapes.Furtherconsiderations2历史部分:武器,生活用具,艺术建筑•Weapon,lifefacilities,arts-construction,etc.现代部分:硬质合金,高温材料,汽车部件,军事工程•Cementcarbide,refractorymaterials,automobileparts,equipmentsindefensive,civilizationproducts,etc.•目前,粉末冶金最发达的国家瑞典(Sweden)硬质合金工业非常发达Hoganess,建立许多子公司,Benumberone•其次是北美(NorthAmerican)和西欧(westernEuropean)。德国的粉末冶金工业也是处于世界前列-工具钢.,toolingsteel.粉末冶金发展HistoryanddevelopmentofP/M•美国的粉末冶金公司主要产品用户是汽车制造商producer，汽车工业autovehicleindustry发达，带动了美国的粉末冶金工业发展，这是因为发达的汽车工业，大量ahugeofapplication用粉末冶金部件。•SametoAmerican，日本Japan的汽车工业的发展带动了粉末冶金工业发展。•DifferenttoChina与中国不一样，thewesterncountriesandJapan西方或日本的粉末冶金工业是由两部分构成conbinedbytwopart•制粉公司：制备各种粉末：Companiestofabricateandsupplypowders•制品公司：买进粉末，制备零部件：Companiestofabricatefinalparts•能够大量节约材料、lowcast无切削、lesscuting少切削，普通铸造合金切削量在30-50%，粉末冶金产品可少于5%。Lessorabsentcuttingmachining.“Netshaping”•能够大量节省能源energysaving•能够大量节省劳动laborsaving•能够制备其他方法不能制备的材料specificmaterialsand/orproducts•能够制备其他方法难以生产的零部件thematerialandpartthataredifficultlytobeproducedbyothermethods粉末冶金技术的优越性与局限性advantagesandlimitation粉末冶金的特点particularlypoints能生产用普通熔炼方法无法生产的具有特殊性能的材料；abilitytoproducematerialswhichcannotbeproducedbyothermethod.①Porousmaterialsandproducts,partswithinlubricants②Refractorymetalssuchastungsten,molybdenum,etc③Pesudo-alloys,suchas,tungsten-copperalloys④Compositematerials,suchas316ss+bioceramic⑤Nano-crystalline,sub-micrometercrystallinegrainmetal⑥Specialfunctionalmaterialsandproducts,suchasmagneticproducts,supperalloysappliedinairo-industry.Powdermetallurgydisadvantagesandlimitation•Ratherlowermechanicalproperties,fortheirporesinparts•Sizeandmorphologicallimitation,forpressmachine.•Ratherlowerwroughtproperties,fortheproductsmaycontainoxidethatinducematerialsbrittle.•Rathersmallindustrybackgroundcomparedwithcastingandconventionalmaterialsindustry,suchironandsteelproducedonbigscale.1+12,newmaterialsandhighperformancePowdermetallurgyplusconventionalmaterialprocessing•快速原形制备技术,RSP•粉末注射成形、PIM•快速冷凝技术获得非晶粉末、RST•粉末溅射成形、powdersprayforming•机械合金化技术、MA•温压成形技术,WormComp.•纳米粉末技术,Namo-Tech•等静压成形-烧结技术,ISP-sintering•高性能材料研发，等等.粉末冶金新技术NoveltechniquesofpowdermetallurgyAInterestComparison•Metalpowders:109kg/year•Industryminerals:300times109kg/year•Coffee,tea,andtobacco:1010kg/year•Powdermetallurgyisaprolongedgrowthphase;•Ironandsteel,aluminum,copper,nickel,andtungstenarethem