介词+关系代词及定语从句的其他用法

1一、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人)，即：介词+which/whom。（1）Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.（2）Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.（3）Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,inwhichtherearemanycartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2.关系副词when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词。其中when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,on,during等）+which；Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；Why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.(ontheday=when)(2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where)(3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用forwhich来代替关系副词why。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.(forthereasons=why)3、whose可转换为“of+关系代词”型。Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.真题解析：(2012.盐城)2Byaround900AD,thereweremanyplacesinNorthernEurope______theVikingschosetolive.A.inwhichB.whenC.whichD.atwhichA：step1:确定先行词，应当是places，“inNorthernEurope”作地点状语修饰“places”且根据文意不是定语从句修饰的对象。step2:将先行词代入定语从句，“theVikingschosetoliveinplaces”，所以定语从句缺少状语成分解题步骤：step1：分析先行词（人or物）step2:将先行词代入从句中（判断其作什么成分）介词的选择一、看搭配a).介词和先行词的搭配例：Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.Theyearistheunitoftimeinwhichtheearthmakesonetriparoundthesun.b).从句中固定短语的习惯性搭配例：Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?若介词放在后面的时候关系代词可以用that代替或者省略特例：lookinto/after/for;thinkof;speakof;laughat短语中的介词不能移到关系代词前例：Thisisthewatchwhichyou’relookingfor.Thisisthequestionwhichithoughtofyesterday二、看关系a).先后，因果关系Theboy’sparentsarebothoutofwork,asaresultofwhichhehastogethelpfromacharity.IlistenandspeakEnglisheveryday,bymeansofwhichmyEnglishhasimprovedalot.Hemightbestillsleeping,inwhichcasewehavetogowithouthim.Hespendsmostofhistimestudying,theaimofwhichistoenablehimtogotoafamousuniversitynextyear.b).所属关系介词前可以是some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词Thereare30girlstudentsinmyclass,onlyoneofwhomisbeautiful.Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohimInthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.(08湖南31)Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,___arebeyondourcontrol.AmostofthemBmostofwhichCmostofwhatDmostofthatKey:B练习：1.John,______moneyisnoproblem,stillleadsasimplelife.A.forwhoseB.ofwhoseC.ofwhomD.forwhom32.TheEnglishplay___mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich3.Whynottryanotherway______youmaydoyourexperimentbetterandmorequickly?A.onwhichB.whereC.inwhichD.bywhich4.Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,______appearedararerainbowsoon.A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich5.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,____NewYorkisanexample.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich6.Examinationcompositions,togetherwithmostbusinesslettersandgovernmentreports,arethemainsituations____formallanguageisused.A.inwhichB.onwhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich二、定语从句的其他用法：1、以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜欢你冲她的样子。2、先行词是time时，若time作“次数”是，且关系词在从句中作状语，则应用关系代词that，that可以省略；若time作“一段时间/时代”讲，且在从句中作状语时，用关系副词when或介词at/during+which。Itisthefirsttime(that)Mr.SmithhasvisitedChina.Therewasatimewhentherewerenoradios,notelephoneornoTVsets.练习：Thisisthefirsttime________hehasbeenhere.A.thatB.whenC.atwhichD.whichIdon'tlike________youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.theywayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich答案：AA3.判断定语从句谓语动词的单复数。1oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词如：Heisoneofthestudentswhoworkhard他是学习努力的学生之一。（who指先行词thestudents）2the(only)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词如:Heisthe(only)oneofthestudentswhogoesabroad．他是学生中唯一出国的。（who指先行词theonlyoneofthestudents）TheGreatWallisthe(only)oneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.长城是地球上唯一一个可以从月球上看到的建筑物.(that指先行词theonlyoneofthebuildings)注意:nottheonlyoneof…=onlyoneof如:4Tomisnottheonlyoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.=Tomisonlyoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam通过考试的男孩,汤姆并非唯一.=汤姆只是通过考试的男孩中的一个.三、总结重点掌握介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1、当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词只能用which或whom，并且不能省略；在限制性定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that或which，that或whom或who作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。2、根据句意或者固定搭配确定相应的介词。1.Thisisthegun____________thehuntershottheantelope.2.Theathletes____________hewillcompetecomefromGreeceandCzechRepublic.3.He’llneverforgettheday__________hewasadmittedtotheOlympicGamesforthefirsttime.4.Themusicians___________wehavegreatinteresttouredEuropewithus.5.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_______whichwecan’tlive.6.I’llneverforgettheday___whichshesaidgood-byetome.①Itisthefirsttime_____shehasbeeninShanghai．②Itwasthetime_____Chinesepeoplehadahardlife．①填that。②填when。