发音教学---48个国际音标

外语系岳宝华1.什么是国际音标？由于英语的拼写形式和读音有很大的分歧,所以无法完全根据字母来读音。为了精确地学习和掌握语音,就要借助一种注音手段来弥补这一缺陷,于是便产生了一定数量的精确记录语音的符号，叫做“音符”(Phoneticsymbols)。国际音标（旧称万国音符）是国际语音学协会（IPA---InternationalPhoneticAssociation)于1888年拟定的一套为各国语言注音的语音符号。我们这里所说的国际音标是专门为英语注音的那一部分标音符号。目前我国通用的国际音标共有48个,其中,元音音标20个，辅音音标28个。英语元音(Englishvowels)英语元音音素共20个。分单元音和双元音两大类。a.前元音：/i:/,/i/,/e/,/æ/b.后元音：/ɑ:/,/ɔ/,/ɔ:/,/u/,/u:/,/Λ/c.中元音：/ә:/,/ә/a.合口双元音：/ei/,/әu/,/ai/,/au/,/ɔi/b.集中双元音：/iә/,/εә/,/uә/单元音的分类双元音的分类a.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t／,/d/,/k/,/ɡ/b.摩擦音/f/，/v/，/θ/，/ð/，/s/，/z/,//，//，/h/,/r/c.破擦音/t∫/，/dӡ/，/tr/，/dr/，/ts/，/dz/d.鼻音/m/,/n/,/ŋ/e.旁流音（舌侧音）/l/f.半元音/w/,/j/英语辅音(Englishconsonants)(共28个）前元音•/i:/•feel•heat热•leap跳•/æ/•bad•land•Dad•map•hat•/i/•fill•hit•lip嘴唇•/e/•bed•lend•dead•met•head前元音练习beebilldeepdigtasktestGivemeabeefsteak,peas,andbeer,please.Catchthatmadblackcat．Betterlatethannever.(迟做总比不做好)Bettertodowellthantosaywell.(口说不如实干)Afriendinneedisafriendindeed（患难之交才是真朋友）后元音•/ɔ:/•all•fall•hall•/u:/•goose鹅•food•loose松的•/ɑ:/•calm•/ɔ/•boss•fox•hot•/u/•good•foot•look•/Λ/•come•Alargearmymarchedpastthefarmyard．•It’shardtoseeanystarsinthedarksky．•Theclockisstopped,it’snotlong．•Losttimeisneverfoundagain．•Whosaidthesoupwastoocool?•Asarule,theskiesareblueinJune．•Helookslikeagoodcook．•ItookmybookandlookedatitaslongasIcould．中元音/ә://ә/•earth•search•bird•church•another•order•method•doctorMyyoungerbrotherisadoctor．Givemesomebutterandsugar．Wewillhaveaget-togetheraftersupper．双元音/ei//e/•age•late•pain•fail•edge•let•pen•fill双元音/ai//ɔi/•bike•mine•height•boy•coin•noise•voice双元音/әu//au/•coal•pose•loan贷款•bowl碗•doubt•found•noun爆破辅音•/p/•pea•/t/•tear•/k/•class•/b/•bee•/d/•dear•/g/•glassGood,better,best，循序渐进Neverletitrest，永不停止Untilgoodisbetter,好上加好Andbetterbest，精益求精摩擦辅音/f//v/•fast•few•leaf•proof•safe•surf•vast巨大的•view•leave•prove•save•serveHeworkshardasifheneverknewfatigue.Itisverydifficultforustofinishitbeforefive.摩擦辅音/s//z/•bus•ice•loose•race•used•buzz蜂音•eyes•lose•raise•used摩擦辅音/θ//ð/•thank•theme•thick•bath•breath•cloth•than•these•this•bathe•breathe•clothe/θ//s/•thin•thing•faith•mouth•/ð/•breathe•clothe•seethe沸腾•sin•sing•face•mouse•/z/•breeze微风•close•seize/θ//t/•thank•thought•/ð/•there•they•those•/θ/•three•tank•taught•/d/•dare•day•doze打瞌睡•/f/•free•Athousandthanks.•Cathyhasthreebrothers.•Mr.Smithtalkedaboutthis,thatandtheother.•Thereissomething.•Theyhavebeenthereformorethanthreemonths.摩擦辅音/∫//ӡ/•cash•fish•ship•shoe•leisure闲暇•measure测量•pleasure•vision视觉Measureformeasure.以牙还牙Shesellsseashellsontheseashore.她在海边捡贝壳。摩擦辅音•/h/•hard•he•house•who•hi•hello•/r/•red•road•write•wrong破擦辅音/ts//dz/•carts•rates•Seats•/t∫/•cheep•choke闷塞•larch落叶松•rich•cards•raids•Seeds•/dӡ/•jeep•joke•large•ridge脊破擦辅音/tr//dr/•track•tree•truck•try•drag•dream•drug•dryNevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.麻烦不找你，就别自找麻烦。鼻辅音/m//n//ŋ/•dim朦胧的din喧闹ding唠叨•seemseenseeing•sumsunsung•whim怪想winwing舌边辅音/l/•/l//n//r/•leadneedread•lightnightright半元音/w//j/•warmyoung•wellyard•whileyield•wherethereisawill,thereisaway.•有志者，事竟成。•youstilllookyoung,yearafteryear.•一年一年过去了，你看起来还那么年轻。