完形填空解题技巧

完形填空2017高考专题复习之完形填空鹤壁高中陈致玲【考纲要求与说明】•完形填空全面考查学生在阅读理解基础之上运用词汇和语法的能力和水平。•解题过程要求考生根据文章的整体内容，区分结构的层次和内容的逻辑关系，对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等进行解题。阅读过程中多注意体会作者的写作意图，加强分析推理能力。1.以叙为主,叙议结合;2.篇章短小,意义完整;3.首句完整,主题明确;4.结构清晰,层次分明;5.考查语境,侧重辨析;6.实词为主,虚词为辅;7.逻辑推理,隐于语篇;8.常识语法,经常出现。形散意不散貌离神不离【高考完型命题特点】年份体裁题材作者学习美式手语的经历及感受。运输司机冒险救援事故车辆。2017记叙文2016记叙文2015记叙文（夹叙夹议）奉献爱心，助人为乐。（赠人玫瑰，手留余香）【近三年全国卷体裁题材特点】【近三年全国卷考点分布】年份名词动词形容词副词连词短语其他20157题6题3题3题1题20164题4题2题1题3题4题1题20175题9题5题1题主要考查名词、动词、形容词、副词，占90%以上。原词复现同义、近义复现并列关系转折关系让步关系解释关系语法项目较少考查顺序关系因果关系词汇手段语法手段逻辑手段语篇信息（语境理解）考查内容…备战完形填空——能力必备一、快速阅读能力二、词汇辨析能力三、词汇搭配的理解能力四、逻辑推断能力五、运用常识能力六、揣测作者意图的能力技巧点拨1.注意上下文语境（context)词汇复现、同现2.运用词义辨析（comparison）3.掌握习惯搭配（phrases&idioms）4.掌握熟词生义（newmeanings）4.了解背景常识（commonsense）5.运用语法分析（grammaranalysis)跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意再读全文，反复检查结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破完形填空的解题步骤把握整体具体分析1、跳读—领会大意（2－3分钟）速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。完形填空解题三部曲:跳读---试填---复核。2.试填---瞻前顾后上下求索(8-10分钟)先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。3复核----全面检查，确保语意连贯(2-3分钟)试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。词汇题1.复现同现词语复现词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一篇中重复出现。语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的，词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现（又叫同根词复现）、同义或近义词复现（包括与近义词的同根词复现，如ill与sickness）、上下义词复现（即总括与分述，如food是bread、milk、rice等的上义词；r是flower的下义词）等。1.(2017全国卷I)Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.....Afterthat,feelingtheneedto__52___further,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLclub’smeetings.52.A.exerciseB.exploreC.expressD.explain原词,同根词重现.2.(2015全国卷I)Thenmy17-year-oldsuggestedgivinghima__47__.Ithoughtaboutit.Wewere__48(low)__oncashourselves,but……WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitfor__54(whatever)__hisfamilymightneed,heburstintotears.47.A.dollarB.jobC.hotmealD.giftcardthegiftcard原词重现3.(广东卷)therearemanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebaby'sheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfather'sclotherswerejusttwooftherecommended___27____.A.casesB.toolsC.stepsD.methods解析:methods与前文中的ways同义词复现4.(2017全国卷II)Ihadadvisedthekidsthatwhileverbsmaybedull,mostofthe___50_thingstheydothroughouttheirliveswillbeverbs.50.A.simpleB.uniqueC.funD.clever解析:fun与dull为反义词复现5.(2011四川卷)Wefellinlove.Inthebeginning,Ididn’twanttodiscuss_____,becausethesadnessoflosingMumstillfeltgreat.Paulunderstoodthatandneverpushedmebut,bysummer,wegotmarried.A.travelB.businessC.childrenD.marriage解析：marriage与文中的married属同根词复现。6.(湖北卷)hetaughtherhowtorelyonherother______,speciallyherhearing.....A.feelingB.organsC.skillsD.senses解析:senses为hearing的上义词复现7.Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadteacherthoughtIwas_____andwhenIwas14hesaid,“Youarenevergoingtobeanythingbutafailure.”A.brightB.uselessC.simpleD.hopefulB利用首句信息8.Theschooldecidedthatwhenthedriveropenedboththefrontandbackdoor,studentswhoweregettingoffthebusshouldgetofffirst,andstudentswhoweregettingonshouldgeton____.A.soonerB.laterC.fasterD.earlierB词语同现。词语同现：某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出现的性，叫词语同现，也有人称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等。如：differentvssame,cruelvsfriendly,death&destruction9.Thesetellthestoryofamotherwhosebabygrowsandpale…A.sickB.slimC.shortD.smallA解析：与pale同现的单词，应该是sick。10.On_____days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy解析:与heavyclothes和woolengloves同现的应该是snowydays。D2.词义辨析1.(2017全国卷I)IwatchedastheASLClub__47__theirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandthevery__48___ofcommunicatingwithoutspeaking___49___me.47.A.recordedB.performedC.recitedD.discussed48.A.ideaB.amountC.dreamD.reason49.A.disturbedB.supportedC.embarrassedD.attracted解析：根据句中的关键词watch可知，作者看到美式手语社团的成员表演(perform)。record记录;recite背诵;discuss讨论.48题和49题手部动作和无须用语言交流的想法（idea）吸引（attract）了我。2.Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas1andthesametimefeelinglonely..1.A.helplessB.lazyC.anxiousD.tired解析：在把握上文“我提着衣箱缓慢地上楼梯”的情况下，可知答案为D.tired，即当我到达三楼时，已经很累了；3.(2017全国卷II)In1973,Iwasteachingelementaryschool.Eachday27kids______“TheThinkingLaboratory.A.builtB.enteredC.decoratedD.ran解析：根据上文一句，作者在一所小学教学，孩子门当然是每天进入（enter）思想实验室了。built建造;decorate装饰；run跑步，经营4.(2014全国卷I）Mywheelchairexperimentwassoon54.Itmadeadeepimpressiononme.Afewhoursof“disability”gavemeonlyatasteofthe55(challenges),bothphysicalandmental,thatdisabledpeoplemustovercome.54.A.forgottenB.repeatedC.conductedD.finished语境-词义辨析3.习惯用法和固定搭配311.(2013江西)“Youshouldn’tswimthatday,”theman45(advised).“Thereisastormcomingup.”“Youshouldmindyourown46!”Dianerepliedandwalkedintothegentlewaves.46.A.businessB.SwimsuitC.friendsD.parentsMindyourownbusiness!不要多管闲事！2.(2014全国I)Forexample,onChristmasmorning,childrenareexcitedabout43withtheirnewtoys.43.A.workingB.livingC.playingD.going语境-固定搭配playwith(toys)333.(2012全国新课标)Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall!Itspeaks36thanwords…36.A.straighterB.louderC.harderD.furtherActionspeakslouderthanwords.习语谚语:事实胜于雄辩4.熟词生义1.Oneafternoon，theheadmastercalledmyfriendtodiscussoneessaywithhiminalivelyspirit.“Iwasinterestedinthis48youmakehere.Ithinkyoumight