模拟退火算法及其应用

为搞好山东省交通科学研究所研发基地项目的结算审计工作,我跟踪审计部特针对本项目作如下要求,请各施工单位、供货单位遵照执行：andperformancetestcopiesoftherecord.Ifnecessary,reviewshouldbecarriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplacement;guaranteedundervariousconditions,stressarewithintheallowedrange.Strength,stiffness,andmeetrequirementstopreventvibrationandsoothingwater,withoutaffectingtheadjacentequipmentmaintenanceandotherpipinginstallationandexpansion.D.equipmentconnectedtotheinterfacetomeetpipelinethrust(torque)limitrequirements;increasethestabilityofpipingsystemstopreventpipeline...Tubewallthickness(mm)2-34-67-10weldformnoslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-2weldwidthb(mm)5-67-6hasslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1.5-22weldwidthb(mm)coverhadeachedgeslopemouthabout2mmargonarcweldingweldstrengtheningsurfaceheightandwidthtubewallthickness(mm)2--33--45--6weldformweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-22-2.5widthb(mm)为搞好山东省交通科学研究所研发基地项目的结算审计工作,我跟踪审计部特针对本项目作如下要求,请各施工单位、供货单位遵照执行：andperformancetestcopiesoftherecord.Ifnecessary,reviewshouldbecarriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplacement;guaranteedundervariousconditions,stressarewithintheallowedrange.Strength,stiffness,andmeetrequirementstopreventvibrationandsoothingwater,withoutaffectingtheadjacentequipmentmaintenanceandotherpipinginstallationandexpansion.D.equipmentconnectedtotheinterfacetomeetpipelinethrust(torque)limitrequirements;increasethestabilityofpipingsystemstopreventpipeline...Tubewallthickness(mm)2-34-67-10weldformnoslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-2weldwidthb(mm)5-67-6hasslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1.5-22weldwidthb(mm)coverhadeachedgeslopemouthabout2mmargonarcweldingweldstrengtheningsurfaceheightandwidthtubewallthickness(mm)2--33--45--6weldformweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-22-2.5widthb(mm)摘要生活中存在许多需要使用优化的情况，而为了解决这种情况便出现了很多的优化算法.模拟退火算法就是多种优化组合算法中的一种，它一直以来都是一个优化领域的热点，收到广大研究者的关注.作为优化组合算法中的佼佼者，它拥有相较于早期其他优化算法更便于计算，使用灵活适用于并行运算的优点，解决了部分传统算法无法规避大规模问题的不可行因素.模拟退火算法来源于模拟退火的过程，在1953年被Metropofis提出这种先进的思想，而后被Kirkpatrick等人于1983年引入到优化组合领域中，从此模拟退火算法就成为了许多优化算法中的一种.当然对于这种优越的算法并不仅仅是用于简单的优化问题中，它可用于的领域包括着工程科学在内的多种领域中.(删掉,摘要里不需要写这些)模拟退火算法虽然在各个领域中有着十分的成就，但它在组合优化上还是占有着非常重要的地位.本文中将会对于模拟退火算法的背景做出简述，并对模拟退火算法的原理内容做出介绍.为了更加清楚的了解模拟退火算法的性能，本文中对其举出例子来演示其在优化问题中的表现.在组合优化领域中NP(NP-Hard)问题一直都是一个麻烦的问题，尤其其中著名的旅行商问题有着简单、麻烦的特点.简单是指它的问题描述最为简化时，就是在几个点中找出最为短的路径；麻烦却是当几个点增长到一定程度是就很难得出一个准确的解.而模拟退火算法却在这种难题中有着不俗的表现.关键词：模拟退火算法；组合优化问题；TSP问题内蒙古工业大学本科毕业论文AbstractManyrequiretheuseofoptimizationconditionexistsinlife,andinordertoresolvethissituationoccursmanyoptimizationalgorithm.Simulationisacombinationofseveraloptimizationalgorithmofsimulatedannealingalgorithm,itisalwaysahotoneoptimizationfield,receivedthemajorityofresearchers.Asaleaderincombinationoptimizationalgorithm,ithascomparedtootherearlyoptimizationalgorithmmoreeasytocalculate,theuseofflexibleadvantagesofparallelcomputing,solvetheinfeasiblefactorpartoftraditionalalgorithmcannotavoidlarge-scaleproblems.Simulatedannealingalgorithmderivedfromthesimulatedannealingprocess,in1953Metropofisproposedtheadvancedideas,andthenbyKirkpatricketalin1983intotheoptimizationinthefield,thenthesimulatedannealingalgorithmisoneofmanyintheoptimizationalgorithm.Ofcourse,thisalgorithmisnotonlysuperiortosimpleoptimizationproblemsinvariousfields,whichcanbeusedinfieldsincludingengineeringsciencein.Simulatedannealingalgorithmisverysucce