远大前程(Great Expectations)

PlotAnalysisBriefIntroduction•《远大前程》又名《孤星血泪》，是英国作家查尔斯狄更斯晚年的教育小说。故事背景为1812年耶诞节前夕至1840年冬天，主角孤儿皮普（pip）以自传式手法，叙述从7岁开始的三个人生阶段。此小说贯彻了狄更斯以载道的风格，透过剧中孤儿的跌宕起落，表达了他对人性和生命的看法。TheFirstExpectation•Pip,ayoungorphanlivesahumbleexistencewithhisill-temperedoldersisterandherstrongbutgentlehusband,JoeGargery.OnChristmasEveof1812,PipstealsfoodanddrinkfromtheGargerypantrytohelpanescapedconvint.Butsoontheolderescapedconvintwasarrestedbypolicemanwhenhewasfightingwithanotherconvint,andPipdidnothearfromhimoverhischildhood.TheFirstExpectationTheFirstExpectationPip'solderill-temperedsisterJoeGargerybringupmarriedhitPipanescapedconvinthelpanotherconvintfightTheFirstExpectationPipcontinuestolivehisunualdiarylifeafterward.However,afterhemetMissHavisham,awealthyoldladywithmentalprobiems,whohadabeautifulbutself-fishcompanion,Estella.Hisprospectforfuturelifegotchanged.Pipdidnotwanttoliveasimplelifeanylonger.Instead,hewasdetermindtobecomeagentlemanfoeEstellaforwhomhehadadeepaffection.HewasregularvisitortoMissHavishamandEstellainchildhood.TheFirstExpectationTheFirstExpectationMissHavishamEstellabringupPipLoveuneasyuneasyTheFirstExpectationThislifeissuddenlychangedwhenheisvisitedbyaLondonattorney,MrJaggers,whoinformsPipthatheistocomeintothe'GreatExpectation'ofahandsomepropertyandbetrainedtobeagentlemanatthehelpofananonymousbenefactor.TheSecondExpectationThesecondstageofPip'sexpectationhasPipinLondon,learningthedetailsofbeingagentleman,wearingfineclothes,andmeetingpeoplefromupperclass.comparedwithhishardlifeatayoungage,hewasnowinLondonsupprotedbyagenerousallowance.Buthefrequentlymadeendsmeeteverymonth.Inhisefforttoadapttonewenvironment,hemadenewfriendsandalsencountedrivals,especiallyBentleyDrummle.TheSecondExpectationTheSecondExpectationAshewasgraduallygettingfamiliarwiththephysicalandculturalnormsofhisnewstatus,healsoformedtheclassconceptionthatwentwiththosenorms.Therefore,whenJoecametovisitPip,hefeltembarrassedandangryatJoe'sillmanners,despitehisloveforJoeandtheirrelationship.TheSecondExpectation•Attheendofthisstage,Pipisintroducedtohisbenefactor,againchanginghisworld.TheLastExpectationThethirdandlaststageofPip'sexpectationmadePipfoundthathewassponsoredbytheprisonerhehelpedinhischildhood.However,Piphadtohelptheprisoneragain.PiptriedtosendhimabroadwiththehelpofhisfriendHerbert.Buttheyfailed.Theprisonerwasarrested,andallofhispossessionswereconfiscated.TheLastExpectationHence,Pipgotpooragain.Worsestill,hegotsickseverely.ThankstoJoe'scare,Piprecoveredquickly.Eventually,PipleftforIndiatoworkforhisfriendHerbet'scompany.Whenhereturnedtohishometownyearslater,everythinggotchanged.AtMissHavisham'sdesertedmansion,PiphappenedtomeetEstella.Theytalkedandwalkedawayquietly.•Iloveheragainstreason,againstpromise,againstpeace,againsthope,againsthappiness,againstalldiscouragementthatcouldbe.Onceforall.•我爱她是违背常理，是妨碍前程，是失去自制，是破灭希望，是断送幸福，是注定要尝尽一切的沮丧和失望的。可是，一旦爱上了她，我再也不能不爱她。•世界上形形色色的骗子，比起自骗自的人来，实在算不上一回事。•在任何交往中都不要伤害任何人，永远不要粗暴对待你手下的人。•凡事不能只看表面，要有凭有据才能作准。为人处世，这是头一条金科玉律。