6-John Milton

JohnMilton(1608-1674)TheGreatestpoetandpamphleteerduringthebourgeoisrevolutionJohnMilton（弥尔顿）A.Life(1608-1674)：thegreatestpoetandpamphleteerduringthebourgeoisR.,thegreatestpoetafterChaucerandShakespeare1)family&boyhood2)7yearsatCambridge(1625-32)3)6yearsatHorton(1632-38)4)1638-39Europeantrip5)1639-1660backtoEnglandanddevotedtotheRev.6)1652completelyblind7)1660arrestedandfinedandreleased8)1660-74writingandfinishingthreemasterpiecesMajorWorksofMiltonA.TheEarlyperiod(1623-39)shortpoems,lyrics,masques,24sonnetsa.“OntheMorningofChrist’sNativity”(“基督诞生之晨”）announcingthecomingofageofthepoet.b.“L’Allegro”(“TheCheerfulMan”)《欢乐颂》“ILPenseroso”(TheMeditativeMan”)《沉思颂》c.Lycidas《利西达斯》anelegyinmemoryofhisfriendEdwardKing,oneofthemostimportantelegiesinEnglishLit.d.“Comus”(科玛斯)amasqueMasque:假面剧剧本Anelaborateformofcourtentertainment---amixtureofdrama,music,song,anddance---developedintheRenaissanceItalyandtransportedtoEnglandduringElizabethantimes.Thespeakingcharacters,whowereoftencourtiers,woremasks.ComusbyJohnMiltonisprobablythemostimportantmasqueinEnglishliterature.MajorWorksofMiltonB.TheMiddlePeriod(1639-1660)Theperiodofrevolution,mainlyprosewritingintheformofpoliticalpamphlets,20intotal,allforfreedomandagainsttyranny.ItisthefirsttimeinEnglishhistorythatlit.servesfortherevolution.a.PamphletsonMarriageb.“Areopagitica”(1644)《论出版自由》c.“TheDefenseoftheEnglishPeople”（1651）《为英国人民申辩》d.“TheSecondDefenseoftheEnglishPeople”（1651）《再为英国人民申辩》MajorWorksofMiltonC.TheLatePeriod(1660-74)Periodofpoetry,threelongworksaccomplishedinblindnessParadiseLost(1667)《失乐园》anepic,themasterpieceofMilton,“thefallofman”ParadiseRegained(1671)《复乐园》anotherepic,oflesssignificanceSamsonAgonistes(1671)《力士参孙》atragedyinverse,showingmostintimatelyM’spersonallifeandfeelingsSonnet:OnHisBlindness----JohnMiltonWhenIconsiderhowmylightisspentErehalfmydaysinthisdarkworldandwide,AndthatonetalentwhichisdeathtohideLodgedwithmeuseless,thoughmysoulmorebentToservetherewithmyMaker,andpresentMytrueaccount,lestHe,returning,chide,DothGodexactday-labour,lightdenied?Ifondlyask.ButPatience,topreventThatmurmur,soonreplies,GoddothnotneedEitherman'sworkorhisowngifts.WhobestBearhismildyoke,theyservehimbest.HisstateIskingly:thousandsathisbiddingspeedAndposto'erlandandoceanwithoutrest;Theyalsoservewhoonlystandandwait.D.SignificanceofMiltona.Agreatpoetandanimportantprosewriter,MwasoneoftheveryfewEnglishwriterswhowasatoncealiterarymasterandaprominentfigureinpolitics.b.Adauntlessrevolutionary,Mfightlifelongfightsagainsttyrannyinallfieldsofhumanactivity,andthefightisallthemoreeffectivebecauseofthepowerfullanguageandvividimagerieswithwhichhispoignantthoughtsandfieryideasareexpressed.ParadiseLostThestory:Satan’srevolt,temptationofAdamandEve,theirexpulsionfromParadise(Biblical)“ParadiseLost”1.Setting:Heaven,Hell,thePlanetEarth2.Protagonists:Sadan,AdamandEve3.Theme:thefallofman(Christian),itspromiseandmeansofrestorationParadiseLostAnalysisoftheextractsA)“whatthoughthefieldbelost?”a)TakenfrombookI,thedefeatoftherebellingangelsb)Satanisportrayedasarebellioushero,eloquentinspeechanddeterminedforafinalvictory.c)Godisdescribedasanabsolutedespot,shorttemperedandselfish.fromBookIVThefirstextract:adescriptionofAdamandEveintheeyeofSatan,theirnaturalbeauty,mutualloveandstateofinnocence.a)humansareasmajesticanddivineasGod(ThehumanistinMilton)b)HarmonybetweenAdamandEvec)SuperiorityofGodtoman,mantowoman,theideaofobedience(ThePuritaninMilton’s)fromBookIVThesecondextract:a)changeoftoneb)Satan’schallengeofGod’sauthority,GodisportrayedasanenvioustyrantThemeinParadiseLostThemecontradiction:thepurposeoftheepicisto“justifythewaysofGodtomen”,butMiltonendsupbeing“ofthedevil’spartywithoutknowingit”(Blake)Thedevilservesashismouthpiece.BydepictingSatanandhisfollowersaswellastheirfieryutteranceandbraveactions,MiltonshowsontheonehandaPuritan’srevoltagainsttheestablisheddoctrinesoftheCatholicsandtheAnglicanchurchandontheotherhandthepoet’sintensehatredoftyrannyinthecapacityofabourgeoisrevolutionary..CharacterizationinParadiseLostSatan’simageSatan:themoststrikingcharacter,the“hero”oftheepic,arebelofunconquerable,fearlessspirit,theembodimentoftherevolutionary---therevolutionistMSatanrepresentsthespiritoffreedom,ofchoice,ofunbendingwilltoriseupagainstestablishedorderSatanremainsthespokesmanforrevolutionforcenturiestocome---possiblyquitecontradictorytoMilton’soriginalintention“justifythewaysofGodtoman”Interpretation:MiltonexpressessadfeelingsofdeterminedresistanceagainsttyrannyindarkestmomentsofRestoration,notsympathizingwithSatan’sdefiance’sofGod;Milton’sfundamentalconcernoffreedomandchoiceinfollowingone’sdutyOfAdamandEveAdam&Eve:livelycharacters,earthlylove,mutualdevotion,desireforknowledgeoftheuniverse,hopefulnessforthefuture,therealherooftheepic---humanistMMilton’sbeliefinGod'simageinmanconstitutinghumansuperiorityovertherestofcreation,andperfecthappinessinman’sobedience.Milton’sbeliefinman’ssuperiorityoverwomenascreated“HeeforGodonly,sheeforGodinhim”Milton’sviewofmanandwifefromahumanisticview:idealmaleandfemal