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LOGOOverexpressionofC4-cycleenzymesintransgenicC3plants:abiotechnologicalapproachtoimproveC3-photosynthesisaswellasabeautifuldream.Dingzj,Zhengc2009.10.9CompanyLogoContentsIntroduction1PreviousTransgenicResults2DiscussionandPerspective3CompanyLogoIntroductionwheatricesoybeanpotatoTheseC3-cropsaresignificantlyimportantforfeedingthegrowingwordpopulationanyway.CompanyLogoWhatapity!somedeficienciesinC3-cyclephotosynthesisphotorespirationTheprocessofphotorespirationdiminishestheefficiencyofCO2assimilationandphotoassimilates.CompanyLogoIntroductionPEPC(PEPcarboxylase)hasahigheractivityofCO2assimilation..CompanyLogoAgreatidealPredominantfactorsinC4-cycle.DefectsinC3-pathwayPeopleattemptedtohaveahybridization,transferringC4-propertiestoC3-plant.Butitwasfailedanyway.compensateCompanyLogoAPerfectDesignAC4-pathwayestablishedinC3-plantbyengineeringapproaches.CompanyLogoKeyenzymesinC4-cyclePEPC(PEP羧化酶)PPDK(PEP/Pi双激酶)PEPCK(PEP羧激酶)NADP+-MDH(苹果酸脱氢酶)NADP+-ME(苹果酸酶)CA(碳酸酐酶)PPT(PEP/Pi转运蛋白)CompanyLogoCompanyLogoPEPCKogami等(1994)报道,在组成型表达启动子CAMV35S、叶肉细胞特异表达启动子Cab或玉米自身启动子的控制下将来源于玉米型PEPC的cDNA导入烟草后,转基因烟草植株中PEPC活性增加近2倍,苹果酸含量也有增加,但对CO2,的同化率并没有影响,与野生型相比,在温度提高的情况下,同化CO2,过程中的量子产量未受到影响,且CO2,补偿点也未发生变化。Matsuoka等(2001)在C4型PEPC启动子的控制下将PEPC的全长cDNA导入烟草后,转基因烟草叶中PEPC活性增加2~5倍,苹果酸含量也相应增加,但预期的光合CO2同化和CO2补偿点等重要的生理指标未发生变化。CompanyLogoPEPCK转基因水稻植株的光合指标如CO2同化率和CO2补偿点并未发生改变。这可能是由于导入的PEPCK不能与水稻内源PEPC协同作用以形成有效的C4循环所致。Hausler等(2001)在马铃薯Rubisco小亚基(rbcs)转录序列控制下将来源于费氏中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobiummeliloti)的PEPCK基因导入烟草叶绿体后,在转基因烟草植株的叶绿体中可以检测到PEPCK活性,但光合效率并未提高。CompanyLogoNADP+-ME绝大多数转NADP+-ME基因的植株都受到不良的影响,如生长迟缓,叶片白化,基质状态紊乱,光抑制增强,转NADP+-ME基因植株对光合生产量的提高无实质性的结果CompanyLogoDouble&MutipleoverexpressionofC4-cycleenzymesLipka等(1999)将来源于黄顶菊(Flaveriapringlei)的PEPC基因和NADP—ME基因逐步转入马铃薯后,获得马铃薯双转化植株,其PEPC和叶绿体NADP-ME活性均得到提高,与野生型相比,双转基因的植株分离的叶绿体中NADP—ME活性增加5倍,温度升高时,它们对CO2,同化的温度依赖性明显减弱,且CO2,同化过程中的电子需求显著下降。Hausler等(2001)在马铃薯的Ppc过量表达植株中再导入内生细胞质NADP-ME酶基因后,双转化植株中的Ppc表达被削弱,其光合作用也没有显著变化。但Ku等(2001)在同一水稻植株中过量表达PEPC和PPDK基因后,其光合能力增加35%、谷粒产量增加22%。CompanyLogo如Hausler等(2002)用含有不同的抗性筛选基因的表达质粒逐步转入马铃薯后,共获得4个C4基因(来源于Corynebacteriumglutamicum的PEPC或内源PEPC、NADP-ME、PPDK和PPT)表达的马铃薯植株。在烟草中,过量表达C4循环单一基因的转基因植株经过常规杂交,采用不同的组合获得一系列共表达的多种组合(PEPC,ADP—ME,PPDK,PEPS,PEPCK,PPT)的杂合子代(JunLi的未发表资料,引自Hausler等2002)。CompanyLogoDiscussionandperspectiveThepotentialoftransgenicmethodstoimproveC3-photosynthesisisunlimited.TherehasbeensignificantprogressintheoverexpressionofkeyenzymesofC4-typebiochemistryintransgenicC3plants.Nevertheless,theidealmodelisstillintheair.CompanyLogoThestudyhasalwaysbeendifficult,forthesortsoffactorsinsuchcomplexmechanismsincludingthespatialityofenzymesdistribution,thecertainstructureinC3andC4plantrespectivelyandsoforth.AncompletesystemmaybeestablishedratherthanasingleorsomeenzymesofC4-cycleoverexperessedintransgenicC3-cropsinthefuture.CompanyLogoReferences植物生理学通讯第44卷第2期,2008年4月C4光合关键酶基因转化C3植物罗遵喜,张树珍,杨本鹏HauslerRE,HirschHJ,KreuzalerF,PeterhanselC(2002).OverexpressionofC4cycleenzymesintransgenicC3plant:abiotechnologicalapproachtoimproveC3-photosynthesis.JExpBot。53(369):591-607HauslerRE,KleinesM,UhrigH,HirschHJ,SmetsH(1999).overexpressionofphosphoenolpyruvatecarboxlasefromCorynebactriumglutamicumlowertheCO2compensationpoint(T)andenhancedarkandlightrespirationintransgenicpotato.JExpBot。50:1231-1242HudspethRL,GrulaJW,DaiZ,EdwardsGE,KuMSB.1992.Expressionofmaizephosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylaseintransgenictobacco.PlantPhysiology98,458–464.KogamiH,ShonoM,KoikeT,YanagisawaS,IzuiK,SentokuN,TanifujiS,UchimiyaH,TokiS.1994.Molecularandphysiologicalevaluationoftransgenictobaccoplantsexpressingamaizephosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylasegeneunderthecontrolofthecauliflowermosaicvirus35Spromoter.TransgenicResearch3,287–296.LOGO
本文标题:Overexpression of C4-cycle enzymes in transgenic C
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