英国文学史及选读,棒!PPT1

英国文学史与选读BYMarkxzhangqq:1783604899学习目的：通过作品找意境，通过中、西文学对比，让英国文学课升华至中西文化课，让同学们成为自己的主人。Formthehabitofthinkingandtakeacriticalattitudetowhateveryoumeet.StructureEarlyandMedievalEnglishLiteratureRenaissanceEnglishLiteratureTheEnglishLiteratureofThe17thCenturyTheEnglishliteratureofTheEnlightenmentAgeTheAgeofRomanticismTheVictorianAgeThe20th-CenturyBritishpoetryEarlyandMedievalEnglishLiterature5Century------1485“Early”heremeansEnglishliteratureinprimitiveandslaverysociety.“Medievalperiod”isaquitespecialperiodinEnglishhistory.InChinese“Medieval”or“TheMiddleAge”.TheAngle-Saxons:EnglishliteraturebeganwiththeAnglo-SaxonsettlementAnglo-SaxonLanguage(oldEnglish)BeowulfTheNorman:Feudalism,landlord&peasantbeganwiththeNorman,languagegreatlychangedandenriched.AdventuresofKingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTableBeowulfisconsideredasanationalepicoftheEnglishpeople.TheepicpoemBeowulfdescribesthemostheroicmanoftheAnglo-Saxontimes.ItisaDenmarkstorywhichusedalliteration,metaphorsandunderstatements.Thehero,Beowulf,isaseeminglyinvinciblepersonwithalltheextraordinarytraitsrequiredofahero.Heisabletousehissuper-humanphysicalstrengthandcouragetoputhispeoplebeforehimself.Heencountershideousmonstersandthemostferociousofbeastsbutheneverfearsthethreatofdeath.Hisleadershipskillsaresuperbandheisevenabletoboastaboutallhisachievements.GeoffreyChauceristhefounderofEnglishpoetry,writer,alsotheoutstandingEnglishpoetbeforeWilliamShakespeare.ChaucermadeacrucialcontributiontoEnglishliteratureinwritinginEnglishatatimewhenmuchcourtpoetrywasstillcomposedinAnglo-NormanorLatin.Althoughhespentoneoftwobriefperiodsofdisfavor,ChaucerlivedthewholeofhislifeclosethecentersofEnglishpower.TheCanterburyTalesisoneofthelandmarksofEnglishliterature,perhapsthegreatestworkproducedinMiddleEnglishandcertainlyamongthemostambitious.ItisoneofthefewworksoftheEnglishMiddleAgesthathashadacontinuoushistoryofpublication.ItwasthelastofGeoffreyChaucer'sworks,writtenafterTroilusandCreseydeduringthefinalyearsofChaucer'slife.However,Chauceronlycompletedtwenty-fourtales,notevencompletingonetaleforeachpilgrim.RenaissanceEnglishLiterature(15C-----17C)TheRenaissancesprangfirstinItalyinthe14centuryandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Twofeaturearestrikingofthismovement.Theoneisathirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliterature.WhilepeoplelearnedtoadmiretheGreekandLatinworksasmodelsofliteraryform,theycaughtsomethinginspiritverydifferentfromthemedievalCatholicdogma.SotheloveofclassicswasbutanexpressionofthegeneraldissatisfactionattheCatholicandfeudalideas.Anotherfeatureisthekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.PeopleceasedtolookuponthemselvesaslivingonlyforGodandafutureworld.Thinkers,artistsandpoetsarose,whogaveexpression,sometimesinanoldguise,though,tothenewfeelingofadmirationforhumanbeautyandhumanachievement,afeelinginsharpcontrastwiththeology.HencearosethethoughtofHumanism.Humanismisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.Insimpleterms,theRenaissanceinEnglandwascausedbythespreadofRenaissancelearningandideologyfromItaly.TheRenaissanceembracednotonlyliterature,butalsoartandarchitecture.Inliteraryterms,thestudyoftheclassicalpoetslednotonlytotheirtranslationintoEnglishbuttheadaptationoftheirverseformsandsystemsofpoeticalmetre,aswellastheembracingoftheirthemesandgenres.RenaissanceEnglishLiterature人文主义思想（Humanism）的核心就是强调以“人”为本，宣传个性解放、现世幸福，并积极推进学术，传播科学知识和国家统一等新思想，对封建制度、宗教禁欲主义和上层僧侣的腐败虚伪则进行了无情的嘲讽与抨击。在欧洲历史和哲学史中，人文主义主要被用来描述14到16世纪间较中世纪比较先进的思想。一般来说今天历史学家将这段时间里文化和社会上的变化称为文艺复兴，而将教育上的变化运动称为人文主义。欧洲文艺复兴时期新兴资产阶级反封建的社会思潮。资产阶级人道主义的最初形式。它肯定人性和人的价值，要求享受人世的欢乐，要求人的个性解放和自由平等，推崇人的感性经验和理性思维。TheArtofRenaissance《最后的晚餐》（意大利）达·芬奇画1495-1497年米兰圣玛利亚·格拉契修道院藏拉斐尔:(1483-1520)意大利文艺复兴时期最伟大的画家之一，代表了文艺复兴时期艺术家从事理想美的事业所能达到的最高峰。米开朗基罗·博那罗蒂(1475-1564)是一位多才多艺的博学的艺术大师。他集雕刻家、画家、建筑家、诗人于一身TheRenaissancePeriod•Historicalbackground:•(1)TheWarsoftheRoses(1455-1485)andTudordynastywhichwasestablishedbyHenryVIIin1485.•(2)Reformation:Protestantismbecametheofficialnationalreligion.•(3)TheEnclosuremovement:compelledpeasantstobecomethehiredlaborersforthemerchants.•(4)FlourishingintheElizabethanAge:Thecommercialexpansionandtheriseofbourgeoisie.•(5)ThewarwithSpain:in1588,theSpanishArmadawasdefeated.Englandhadsovereigntyovertheseas.ThomasMore(1478-1535)EdmundSpenser(1552-1599)FrancisBacon(1561-1626)WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）BenJohnon(1572-1637)ThomasMore(1478-1535)Hewasborninamiddle-classfamily.hisfatherwasaprominentlawyer,andlaterajudge.Ascholarbynature,hebecamealawyer.QuiteearlyhewaselectedtoParliamentandheactedasthespokesmanofLondonmerchantswhowereoneoftheprincipalstaysoftheTudormonarchy.ThomasMore'sUtopiaisoneofthemostinfluentialbooksintheWesternphilosophicalandliterarytraditionandoneofthesupremeachievementsofRenaissancehumanism.Morehumanism.Morecoinedtheword‘utopia’(fromtheGreek:‘noplace’),andhiscomplexlyironicaccountofanimaginarycommunistsocietynotonlyhasgivenrisetothegenreofutopianfictionbuthasbeenaninspirationtogenerationsofpoliticalreformers.ThomasMore'sUtopia•UtopiaisMore'smasterpiece,writtenintheformofaconversationbetweenMoreandareturnedsailor.ThenameUtopiacomes