从社会认知观点探讨医师专业知识分享

97從社會認知觀點探討醫師專業知識分享UnderstandingMedicalPhysicians’KnowledgeSharing:TheSocialCognitionPerspective*****Feng-YangKuo,Fan-ChuanTseng,Chia-YiLiu摘　要AbstractThecontinuousprogressinacquiringprofessionalknowledgeformedicalprofessionalsisconsideredasacriticalsuccessfulfactorinthehealthindustry.BasedontheSocialCognitiveTheory,thisstudyexploresthereciprocalinteractionsoftheenvironment,themedicalphysicians,andtheirpracticestounderstandthefactorsthatmayimpactthephysicians’knowledgesharingactivities.Ourfindingsrevealthatphysicians’knowledgesharingmaybeimpededbytheenvironmentalfactorssuchasthehospital’sincentivesystem,therequirementforresearchandpublications,andtheuncertaintyofmedicalpractices.Inaddition,personalfactorssuchassocialefficacyandself-regulatorycapabilityarecriticaltophysicians’levelofwillingnesstosharetheirexpertise.Weconcludethatthecomplexityofmedicalenvironmentrequiresvariousknowledgesharingchannelsforsuccessfulknowledgesharingamongphysicians.Wefurthersuggestthatthedesignofinformationtechnology-basedknowledgemanagementsystemsinthemedicaldomainincorporaterelevantpersonal,behavioralandenvironmentalfactorstofacilitateeffectiveknowledgesharingamongphysicians.Keywords:knowledgemanagement;knowledgesharing;medicalexpertise*Professor,DepartmentofInformationManagement,NationalSunYat-SenUniversity**Ph.D.Student,DepartmentofInformationManagement,NationalSunYat-SenUniversity41/295.06/95.1297-1149841/295.06/95.12壹、 前言IntellectualcapitalSmith,1996Wyatt,1996Orlikowski,2000organizationalcontextMarkus,Majchrzak,&Gasser,2002貳、 文獻探討SocialCognitiveTheoryAlbertBandura1970SocialLearningTheorybehaviorismBandura,1977,1986peoplebehaviorenvironment99PBEBandura,1977socialnormcodepeerencouragementPBEBandura,1977,1986cognitiveprocessingStakjovic&Luthans,1998Bandura,19861.SymbolizingCapability2.ForethoughtCapabilityPBEBandura1977,198610041/295.06/95.123.VicariousCapabilityobservationlearningtrialanderror4.Self-RegulatoryCapability5.Self-ReflectiveCapabilityself-consciousness1990Hendriks,1999AlaviLeidner20011.datainformationpersonalizedinformation2.knowingunderstandingstateofmind3.object4.accesstoinformation1015.capability6.processAlaviLeidnerO’DellandGrayson1998Dixon,2000;Gorman,Lavelle,Delcambre,&Maier,2002;Huber,1991Nonaka1994Bock&Kim,2002;Disterer,2002;Nonaka,Toyama,&Konno,2000Nonaka1994spiralofknowledgeexplicitknowledgetacitknowledgeNonaka&Takeuchi,1995Hendriks,1999commonknowledgeDixon,2000Senge,1997CurleyConnellyRich199010241/295.06/95.12Ely(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)Ely,etal.,2002ArgyrisPutnamSmith1985ActionScience參、 研究方法Neuman,1997Rubin&Rubin,19952003312103Neuman,1997;Patton,1990focusgroupinterviewRubin&Rubin,1995肆、 研究發現expectanciesBandura,1986Becker,1993intentionalityactionBandura,198610441/295.06/95.12A12003/3/2870A22003/3/2896A32003/3/2826A42003/4/11101A52003/4/1138A62003/4/1271A72003/4/1259A82003/4/1879A92003/4/18116C2003/10/8120N2003/10/30103R12003/11/12125R2R3P12003/12/30122P22003/12/3040P32003/12/3062A3P1105A4A6self-regulatorycapabilityBandura,1977A1self-efficacycollective-efficacycollectivepowersharedbelief10641/295.06/95.12Bandura,1997,2001teamA52003apaperA7R2vicariouscapabilityobservationlearningtrialanderrorCRA7A8107currentbestevidence-basedinformationinformationinformationinformationrenewupdateinformationprocessP3/E-MaiA6R210841/295.06/95.12A1emailpapere-maie-mailA52003bA9knowledgeA8109SOAPSubjectiveObjectiveAssessmentPlanP3symbolizingcapabilityBandura,199711041/295.06/95.12伍、 結論與建議PBE11111241/295.06/95.12參考書目2003aSARS2003bAgyris,C.,Putnam,R.,&Smith,D.M.(1985).Actionscience.SanFrancisco:Jossey-Bass.Alavi,M.&Leidner,D.E.(2001).Review:Knowledgemanagementandknowledgemanagementsystems:conceptualfoundationsandresearchissues.MISQuarterly,25(1),107-136.Bandura,A.(1977).SocialLearningTheory.EnglewoodCliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall.Bandura,A.(1986).SocialFoundationsofThoughtandAction.EnglewoodCliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall.Bandura,A.(1997).Self-efficacy:Theexerciseofcontrol.NewYork:FreemanBandura,A.(2001).Socialcognitivetheory:Anagenticperspective.AnnualReviewofPsychology,51,1-26.Becker,H.(1993).Theory:Thenecessaryevil.InD.J.FlindersandG.E.Mills(Eds.),Theoryandconceptsinqualitativeresearch(pp.218-229).NewYork:TeachersCollegePress.Bock,G.W.&Kim,Y.G.(2002).Breakingthemythsofrewards:Anexploratorystudyofattitudesaboutknowledgesharing.InformationResourcesManagementJournal,15(2),14-21.Curley,S.P.,Connelly,D.P.,&Rich,E.C.(1990).Physiciansuseofmedicalknowledgeresources:Preliminarytheoreticalframeworkandfindings.MedicalDecisionMaking,10,231-241.Disterer,G.(2002).Managementofprojectknowledgeandexperiences.JournalofKnowledgeManagement,6(5),512-520.Dixon,N.M.(2000).Commonknowledge:Howcompaniesthrivebysharingwhattheyknow.Boston,MA:HarvardBusinessSchoolPress.113Ely,J.W.,Osheroff,J.A.,Ebell,M.H.,Chambliss,M.L.,Vinson,D.C.,Stevermer,J.J.,&etal.(2002).Obstaclestoansweringdoctors’questionsaboutpatientcarewithevidence:qualitativestudy.BMJ,324(23),710-713.Gorman,P.,Lavelle,M.,Delcambre,L.,&Maier,D.(2002).Followingexpertsatworkintheirowninformationspaces:Usingobservationalme