语法-名词性从句[教学课件]

英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)英语句子概论简单句的五种基本句型Theweatherisverycold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语Helaughed.主语+谓语（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidn’tlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidn’tlikeit.并列句并列句常用并列连词:•平行并列连词:•转折并列连词：•因果并列连词:•选择并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however,while,yet,or,either…orfor,so复合句:主句+从句名词性从句定语从句状语从句1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome定语从句状语从句3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica(宾语从句）名词性从句---NounClauses(名词性从句)SubjectClause(主语从句)AppositiveClause（同位语从句）ObjectClause（宾语从句）PredicativeClause（表语从句）多由that,wh-疑问词或whatever等关系代词引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。主语{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{宾语Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句ObjectClauses宾语从句1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句。ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引导名词性从句的关联词):从属连词(不作成分）连接代词（作成分）连接副词（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,ifwhen,where,how,why一、连词（引导词）1.that1.当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.3.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时时，由连词whether或if引导，“是否”，不能省略。(1).Lilywantedtoknow___hergrandmalikedthehandbag.(2).Let’ssee____wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.(3).Sheaskedme---------shecouldborrowthesebooks.注意whether和if的使用区别:1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a.当有ornot时就用whether,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.2.whether//ifif/whetherif/whetherif/whetherPracticetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher____________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout_________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow_________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow__________Ishouldgo.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_______togo.whether3.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时，由疑问词（what,who,whom,which,whosewhen,where,how,why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。Doyouknow-----hesaidjustnow?Idon’tremember-------wearrived.Iaskedhim------Icouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellme-------wehavetosee.Doyouknow-------timetheplaneleaves?whatwhenwherewho\whomwhat二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。Iknowhe_---here.(live)Iknowhe-----heretenyearsago.(live)Ihaveheardthathe-------------tomorrow.(come)2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwho---------here.(live)Isawshe_------------hermother.(talk)Heaskedwhetherhisfather_________________tomorrow.(comeback)Hesaidthathe____________it.(see)3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthattheearth----------aroundthesun.（travel）liveslivedwillcomelivedwastalkingwithwouldcomebackhadseen三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。1.Idon’tknowwhatisthematter\thetrouble\wrongwithhim.2.Idon’tknowwhodidit.3.Idon’tknowwhoishe1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?1Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.2Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?1Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.2Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.√√×√√1.WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.2.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.注意：it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语,真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾.*________________________(我们觉得很奇怪)shedidn’tgotoschooltoday.WethinkitstrangethatFillintheblankswithsuitableconjunctions.1.---Canyoutellme_____themanis?---Heismybrother.2.Ididn'tknow_____hewascominguntilyesterday.3.Thedoctorasks____medicineyouhavetaken.4.Iwanttoknow_____theysolvedtheproblemsinthecity.whowhenwhathowwhenWhether/if1.Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD8