牛津英语模块6_unit2_语法

GrammarandusageUnit1LaughterisgoodforyouOverview:infinitive,verb-ingandverb-ed(1)（综述）什么是非谓语动词？•非谓语动词，即不做句子谓语的动词。非谓语动词在句中不可单独做谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制，但可以用作句子的其他成分(主，宾，表，宾补，定，状）。Listenandfindouttheinfinitives,verb-ingformsandverb-edformsinthefollowinglyrics(歌词):ForeveryoungLet‘sdanceinstyleLet‘sdanceforawhileHeavencanwaitWe‘reonlywatchingtheskiesHopingforthebestbutexpectingtheworstAreyougoingtodropthebombornotLetusdieyoungorletusliveforeverWedon'thavethepowerbutweneversayneverSittinginasandpitLifeisashorttripThemusicisforthesadmenCanyouimaginewhenthisraceiswonTurnourgoldenfacesintothesunPraisingourleadersWe'regettingintuneThemusicisplayedbythemadmenForeveryoungIwanttobeforeveryoungDoyoureallywanttoliveforeverForeverandeverForeveryoungIwanttobeforeveryoungDoyoureallywanttoliveforeverForeveryoungSomearelikewatersomeareliketheheatSomeareamelodyandsomearethebeatSoonerorlatertheyallwillbegoneWhydon'ttheystayyoung?It'ssohardtogetoldwithoutacauseIdon'twanttoperishlikeafadinghorseYouthislikediamondsinthesunAnddiamondsareforeverSomanyadventurescouldn'thappentodaySomanysongsweforgottoplaySomanydreamsswingingoutoftheblueWe'llletthemcometrueForeveryoungLet‘sdanceinstyleLet‘sdanceforawhileHeavencanwaitWe‘reonlywatchingtheskiesHopingforthebestbutexpectingtheworstAreyougoingtodropthebombornotLetusdieyoungorletusliveforeverWedon'thavethepowerbutweneversayneverSittinginasandpitLifeisashorttripThemusicisforthesadmenCanyouimaginewhenthisraceiswonTurnourgoldenfacesintothesunPraisingourleadersWe'regettingintuneThemusicisplayedbythemadmenForeveryoungIwanttobeforeveryoungHopingexpectingLetusdieletusliveSittingPraisingwanttobeDoyoureallywanttoliveforeverForeverandeverForeveryoungIwanttobeforeveryoungDoyoureallywanttoliveforeverForeveryoungSomearelikewatersomeareliketheheatSomeareamelodyandsomearethebeatSoonerorlatertheyallwillbegoneWhydon'ttheystayyoung?It'ssohardtogetoldwithoutacauseIdon'twanttoperishlikeafadinghorseYouthislikediamondsinthesunAnddiamondsareforeverSomanyadventurescouldn'thappentodaySomanysongsweforgottoplaySomanydreamsswingingoutoftheblueWe'llletthemcometruewanttolivegoneIt'ssohardtogetwanttoperishforgottoplayfadingswingingletthemcometrue一、作主语2、动词不定式作主语时，常用作形式主语的结构，而动名词作主语时较少使用形式主语，只有在等句型中常用it作形式主语。Itisimportanttorespectpeople.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.要找到一个好朋友是很难的。与他争辩是没有用的。Itisdifficulttofindagoodfriend.Itisnousearguingwithhim.itItisnogood/nousedoing3、不定式作主语时可有自己的逻辑主语。不定式的逻辑主语通常是介词for/of引导的名词或代词。Itis/was+adj.+(for/ofsb.)todosth.a.Itisimportant____ustoexpressouropinions.forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点的形容词，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等.c.Itisselfish____himtothinkonlyofhimself.ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。forof4、当表语是动名词时,主语要用，当表语是不定式时，主语也要用。Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Becareful!动名词不定式1）Ihavesomeletterstowrite.2）Manydevelopingcountriesarenowconcernedaboutourenvironment.3）Themanperformingonthestageisafamouscomedian.4）IfIhadthechance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbaby.5）Johntookmanyphotosofleavesfallentotheground.1.不定式作后置定语，表示；Verb-ing形式既可作前置定语也可作后置定语，表示；过去分词既可作前置定语也可作后置定语，表示（）二.作定语将来的动作动作正在进行过去（已完成）的动作或被动含义1）Hedidn’tturnupatthemeetingheldyesterday.2）Theundergroundsystembeingbuiltinthecitywillbeopennextyear.3）Youareexpectedtobepresentatthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.2.verb-ing形式，不定式和过去分词的（）也可作定语。被动形式1）WhenJackwasyoung,hehadnofriendstoplaywith.2）Mr.Smithisagoodpersontoworkwith.3）Wehaveonlyasmallroomtolivein.3.不定式作后置定语时跟所修饰的词有动宾关系，如果构成不定式的动词是不及物动词，需要加上必要的。remember!!介词三作宾补☆不定式作宾补：常见的接不定式作宾补的动词有：ask/require/tell/advise/force/allow/encourage/persuade/forbid/warn/get+sb+todosthWeinviteyoutowatchourperformancetomorrowevening.表示将要发生的动作Pauldoesn’thavetobemadeFrench.注意：在感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listen,smell,taste,feel和使役动词have，make，let后只能接不带to的不定式做宾补。“五看三使二听二味一感觉”但是变被动态时，to必须补回来。Youdon’thavetomakePaullearnFrench.Becareful!tolearn某些动词真奇怪，to来to去令人猜；主动语态to离开，被动语态to回来。☆verb-ing形式作宾补1.IsawMarylyingonbed,crying,whenIranintotheclassroom.2.Howcouldyoukeepsuchalittleboyworkinglongday?3.Motherfoundtheboysmokinginthecorner.用于感官动词（see,notice,watch，hear，feel）等,使役动词（have,leave)，find,keep之后等，它与宾语之间是关系,并表示动作。主动正在进行用于感官动词（see,notice,watch，hear，feel）等,使役动词（make,have,leave,get),keep,find,等之后，它与宾语之间是关系。1)AsheknowslittleEnglish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood.2)Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.3)Shefoundthedoorlocked.☆过去分词作宾补被动With结构with+sb/sth+todo：表示将要发生的动作with+sb/sth+doing：表示正在进行的动作，它与宾语之间是主动关系with+sb/sth+done:表示它与宾语之间是被动关系1.Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ihavetostayathome.2.Withhimleadingtheway,wefoundthehousewithoutdifficulty.3.Thethiefwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehind.remember1._____isagoodforboththeyoungandtheold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2.Is______necessarytochangetrainsatBeijing?A.ThisB.thatC.itD.he3.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen巩固练习4.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---____hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.BecauseoflosinghernewbicyclemadeMarysoupset.Losing20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.c