初中英语语法---形容词和副词(含练习)

1专题复习---形容词和副词（一）一、形容词的构成及其用法用以修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征的词叫形容词。它在句中可以充当定语、表语和宾语补足语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。Eg.Thosebigmooncakesaredelicious.(作表语)Eg.Therearemanybeautifulflowersinthepark.(作定语)1.修饰词尾为-body/-one;-thing不定代词时，必须放在其后。Eg.There’snothingwrongwithmybike.Eg.Pleasegivemesomethingdelicioustoeat.Eg.Anybodyclevercan’tdosuchstupidthings.2.表示长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词的常用结构：数词+名词+形容词12yearsold/8meterslong/3meterswide/100kilometershigh/1.8meterstallEg.It’sariver6metersdeep.Eg.That’saroad300kilometerslong.Eg.Theyoungmanis1.8meterstall.3.系动词（look,sound,smell,taste,feel）之后要接形容词Eg.Thesouptastesnice.Eg.Theyalllookedveryhappyafterhearingthegoodnews.4.–ing形容词和-ed形容词的区别-ed形容词通常用来形容人，而-ing形容词通常用来形容事或物如：disappointed/excited/interested/surprised/bored/amazed/relaxed(某人)感到失望/兴奋/有趣/奇怪/厌烦/震惊/放松disappointing/exciting/interesting/surprising/boring/amazing/relaxing（某事）令人失望的/兴奋的/有趣的/奇怪的/厌烦的/震惊的/放松的5.“the+部分形容词”表示“一类人”theyoungtheoldtherichthepoor二、副词的构成和用法。副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要用来修饰动词、动词词组、形容词等。副词的构成形式主要有两大类：1.单词本身就是副词。例如：often,now,always,then,yesterday,today,much,very,abit,so,here,there,等22.大部分副词都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的，其构成方法见下表：大多数形容词直接加-lybad-badly;careful-carefully以-y结尾的形容词变-y为-i,再加lyeasy-easily;busy-busily以le结尾的形容词去掉-e,再加-yterrible-terribly;gentle-gently以辅音+e结尾的形容词直接加-lynice-nicely;safe-safely以元音+e结尾的形容词去掉--e,再加-lytrue-truly注意：(1)形容词good的副词形式是well(2)high;fast;late;early等形容词和副词同形(3)有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，如：friendly(友好的)；lovely(可爱的)；lively（生动的）；ugly（丑陋的）；lonely（孤独的；寂寞的）3.enough(足够的；足够地)：当enough修饰名词时，要放在名词前面；而修饰形容词或副词时，则要放在其后。Eg:Wehaveenoughfoodtoeat.Eg.Theclothesaresoftenoughforyoutowear.4.易混词辨析1）hard和hardlyhard作“艰辛的，坚硬的”时是形容词；作“努力地，辛苦地”是副词hardly意为“几乎不”，只能作副词eg.Thediamondisveryhard.Theoldmanlivedahardlifeinthepast.Maryworksveryhard,buthisbrotherisverylazyandhehardlyworks.2）alone和lonelyalone意为“单独地，独自地”，作副词，强调客观事实lonely意为“寂寞的，孤独的”作形容词，含有主观的感情色彩eg.Theoldladylivesalone,butsheneverfeelslonely.课堂练习：Task1:翻译短语。1.忙碌的一天2.回家晚3.仔细地书写4.一本有趣的书5.非常喜欢6.美丽的花7.刚才8.立即9.九个新学生10.静静地坐着11.起床早12.度长假13.快乐的女孩14.大大的蓝色眼睛Task2:用所给词的正确形式填空.1.Kenis_______inplayingfootball,hethinksfootballis_______.(interest)32.Ifeelvery________now,doingnothingathomeis____________.(bore)3.Ifeel________________atthe_________________news.(disappoint)4.Wewillmakeyou____________bythe_____________hairstyle.(excite)5.Youwillbe_____________byreadingthis_____________film.(relax)6.Weallfelt______________whenweheardofthe_______________news.(surprise)7.Iwon’tfeelifIdon’tfindanswers.(satisfy)Task3:单项选择。1.Weare.Becausehisstoryisnot.A.tired;oldB.sleepy(欲睡的);interestingC.hungry;deliciousD.happy;interesting2.It’svery.Pleaseclosethedoorandthewindows.A.coldB.hotC.warmD.expensive3.Jackwenttoschool.Hisparentswereangry.A.lateB.earlyC.wellD.soon4.Thechildrenaresleeping.Pleasewalk.A.fastB.beautifullyC.quietD.quietly5.Tomgoestothezoo.Thedogsthereknowhim.A.soonB.oftenC.carefullyD.kind6.It’ssummer.Autumniscoming.A.verymuchB.justnowC.tomorrowD.soon7.Thisriveris.A.500meterlongB.500meterslongC.500longmetersD.500longmeter8.Isthisaphotoofyourdaughter?Shelooksinthepinkdress!A.lovelyB.quietlyC.politelyD.happily9.Thequestionisforyoutoanswer.A.enougheasyB.enougheasilyC.easyenoughD.easilyenough10.Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter.It’sstrongenoughtoskateon.A.longB.highC.thickD.wide11.Ihavetodotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething12.Passmyglassestome,Jack.BecauseIcanreadthewordsinthenewspaper.A.hardlyB.reallyC.clearlyD.nearly13.Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfeel.A.lonelyB.aloneC.happilyD.friendly14.Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining.A.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavily15.Helookedatitagain.A.careB.carefulnessC.carefulD.carefully4课后练习：Task1:根据句意及所给提示，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Thelittlegirliscrying(sad).2.Simonisagoodcarsalesman.Hecansellcarsvery(good).3.Yourmathisnotverygood.Youshouldstudyit(hard).4.Doyouseethegirloverthere?Shecandance(beautiful).5.Wesawmanydifferentbirdsintheparkandwelearntotellpeopleaboutthem(correct).Task2:选择形容词或副词（划线部分），连词成句。1.Thebirds;nice/nicely;sing2.soft/softly;she;thedoor;closed3.speak;fluent/fluently;threelanguages;can;she4.careful/carefully;writeyourreport;please5.MrZhang;in;working;busy/busily;theoffice;isTask3:单项选择。1.---MrSmith,wouldyoupleasespeakalittlemore?---Sorry!Ithoughtyouwouldfollowme.A.slowlyB.politelyC.seriouslyD.clearly2.---Yourcoffeesmells.---Thankyou.Imadeitbymyself.Wouldyouliketotasteit?A.wellB.sweetC.nicelyD.bad3.Theshoessell,becausetheyareinquality.A.good;wellB.good;goodC.well;wellD.well;good4.Heisaworkeranddoeseverything.A.careful;carefulB.carefully;carefullyC.carefully;carefulD.careful;carefully5.Remembernottospeakwhenweareinthereadingroom.A.fastB.slowlyC.politelyD.loudly6.TheInternetisveryusefulforus.Wecanfindinformation.A.easyB.easilyC.excitedlyD.angrily7.Itwasveryintheclassroom,sotheteacherhadtowalk.A.quiet;quietlyB.quietly;quietC.quiet;quietD.quietly;quietly8.Themeatsmells.You’dbetterthrowitaway.A.badlyB.badC.goodD.well9.Welovetogotothecountryinspringastheflowerssmellso.5A.wellB.niceC.wonderfullyD.nicely10.---Yourfatherdoesn’tlook.He’sl