高中英语基础语法复习十七：冠词

107语法复习十七：冠词（一）考纲要求考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。（二）命题导向冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。（三）基本用法当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。1、定冠词的基本用法：①表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：Ihaveboughtabook.Thebookisveryuseful.②用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Closethewindow,please.③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：thesun,themoon,theearth,theworld等。④用于表示方位的名词之前。如：theeast,theright.⑤用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：thefirst,thetallest.⑥用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：thesick,thewounded.⑦用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：theUnitedStates,theUnitedNation.⑧用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：theChangjiangRiver,theEastLake.⑨用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：TheSmiths⑩用于乐器的名词前。如：playthepiano;playtheviolin.⑾发明物。如：ThecompasswasinventedinChina.⑿年代名词前。如：Helivedinthecountrysideinthe1970s.⒀固定词组中。如：inthemorning(afternoon,evening),ontheotherhand,atthesametime2、不定冠词的基本用法：①泛指一个。如：Thereisabookonthetable.②指人或事物的某一种类。如：Hisfatherisadriver.Longjingisawonderfultea.③指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：MysisterwassavedbyaPLAmaninthefire.④用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.（我们一天吃三餐。）⑤表示同样的。如：Theyareofanage.（他们是同岁。）⑥表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.⑦使抽象名词具体化。如：Thelittlegirlisahelptohermother.（ahand译帮手）⑧固定搭配。如：asamatteroffact,inahurry,inaword3、不用冠词的情况：①表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Childrenlovecartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。）②不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：WearestudyingEnglish.③名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：Ilikethispicture;Idonothaveanymoney;Astimewenton,Einstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.④季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：Shelikesspringmost.⑤呼语前不用冠词。如：WhatshallIdonext,Mother?⑥三餐饭前不用冠词。如：Whatdidyouhaveforlunch?⑦节假日前不用冠词。如：PeoplegivegiftstoeachotheronChristmasDay.⑧球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：Sheisfondofplayingbasketball.⑨在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arminarm（手挽手）;handinhand（手牵手）;sidebyside（肩对肩）;dayandday（日日夜夜）;youngandold（老老少少）;fromdoortodoor（挨门挨户）;frombeginningtoend（从头到尾）;frommorningtillnight（从早到晚）等。108练习（一）、冠词1.InAmerica,____caris____popularmeansoftransportation（交通设施）.A.the,theB.a,theC.the,/D.the,a2.----Whathappened?----Theyleftinsuch____hurrythattheyforgottolock____door.A.a,aB.a,theC./,theD./,a3.Thereweretwosmallroomsinthehouse,____smallerofwhichservedas____kitchen.A.a,theB.the,aC.the,theD.a,a4.Iordered____booksometimeago.____bookhasarrived.A.a,TheB.the,AC.a,AD./,The5.MrSmithis____Europeanandhiswifeis____American.A.an,anB.a,aC.a,anD.an,a6.Lesson10is____mostdifficultlesson,butitisn’t____mostdifficultlessoninBookOne.A.a,aB.a,theC.the,theD.the,a7.Mysisterworksinafactory.Shegoeshomeonce____month.A.aB.anC.theD.every8.Hewasabsentbecausehehadcaught____.A.heavyacoldB.theheavycoldC.aheavycoldD.heavycold9.____wateris____liquid.A.The,aB.A,aC./,/D./,a10.Inwinter____peopleoftenhangupwetclothesnear____fire.A./,/B.a,aC./,aD.the,a11.Hehastriedtwice,andthecaptainaskshimtohave____thirdtry.A.aB.theC.anotherD.other12.Hewasatopstudentintheclass,heoftengot____inEnglish.A.firstB.afirstC.secondD.thesecond13.____horseis____usefulanimal.A.The,theB.The,aC.The,anD./,a14.TomleftShanghaiin____.A.thesummer1995B.summer1995C.1995thesummerD.thesummerof199515.____childrenherelive____mosthappylife.A.The,theB.The,aC.The,/D./,the16.Thesoldierdiedduring____WorldWarI.A.theB.thefirstC./D.a17.In____MarxbegantolearnRussian.A.a1870B.1870sC.theyearof1870D.the1870s18.Aliceis____ofthetwogirls.A.tallerB.thetallC.moretallD.thetaller19.----Canyoursisterplay____?----No,butshecanplay____.A.thetennis,thepianoB.tennis,pianoC.thetennis,pianoD.tennis,thepiano20.Theintroductionisalwaysin____ofabook.A.frontB.thefrontC.afrontD.instead21.Shetouchedherdaughtergently____shoulder.A.inherB.onherC.intheD.onthe22.Both____woundedand____sickweresenttosafety.A./,/B.the,theC./,theD.the,/23.____doctorsand____nursesshouldcarefortheirpatients.A.The,theB./,/C.The,/D./,the24.Tellusthestoryas____Mothertoldyou.A.aB.theC.anD./25.Doyouknowhowlong____haslivedontheearth?A.manB.themanC.amanD.men26.Themanwasoncethrowninto____prisonforrobbingthebank.A.aB.anC.theD./27.____MountTaiisintheeastofChina.A.AB.TheC./D.That28.Ilike____history.Iamstudying____historyofChina.A.the,/B./,theC.a,/D./,a29.Hewrotealetter____pencil.A.withB.inC.inaD.usea30.OnOctober1,theChinesepeoplecelebrated____withnewachievementsandvictories.A.NationalDayB.theNationalDayC.ourNationalDayD.aNationalDay109练习（二）、冠词1.---Youmeanyouknowtheman?---Iknow________manexactlylikehim.A.otherB.theC./D.a2.Wouldn'titbe_________wonderfulworldifallnationslivein________peacewithoneanother?A.a,/B.the,/C.a,theD.the,the3.---Ihearthatasmanyas1,500peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.---Yes,________newscameas________shocktous.A.a,aB.the,aC./,/D./,a4.Atmidnighttheyreached________smallvillage________eastof______EverwhiteMountain.A.a,/,theB.a,/,/C.the,the,theD.the,an,an5.Nanjinglieson________ChangjiangRiverandhas________populationofmorethanfourmillion.A.the,theB.the,/C.the,aD./,a6.BillClintontook________officeonJanuary20th,1993andleft________officeonJanuary20th,2001.A./,/B.his,hisC.the,theD.an,his7.Welearntogoallouttoworkfor____goodof____society.A.the,/B./,/C./,aD.the,the8.Parisis____mostbeautifulcity,whereyoucansee____famous