城市轨道交通专业英语

城市轨道交通运营管理专业专业英语ListListChapter1:DevelopmentofUrbanRailTransitSpeedsupinChina...........3Chapter2RapidTransit...........................................................................12Chapter3RAILTRANSITINNORTHAMERICA.............................23Chapter4TheRailroadTrack...................................................................40Chapter5GeneralVehicleDescription.....................................................45Chapter6ATPTransmissionandMovingBlock...................................53Chapter7ControlofRailwayOperation.............................................62Chapter8TrainStationPassengerFlowStudy......................................74Chapter9MetrocardFareIncentives.....................................................81Chapter10AudibleInformationDesignintheNewYorkCitySubway...862Chapter1:DevelopmentofUrbanRailTransitSpeedsupinChinaWiththedevelopmentofurbanrailtransit,ontheonehand,itispromotingtheprocessofurbanmodernization,alleviatingcongestedtrafficincities,andnarrowingthedistancebetweentimeandspace.Ontheotherhand,itchangesthewaypeopletravel,acceleratesthepaceoftheirlifeandwork,andaffectsthequalityoflife.Thestateofurbanrailtransitreflectsacountry'scomprehensivestrengthandisasymbolofacity'smodernizationlevel.Atpresent,railtransitsystemisavailablein135citiesinnearly40countriesandregions.Incosmopolitancities,accountingforaproportionof60percent-80percent,railtransithasbecometheleadingmeansoftransportationinthesecities.Yetsofar,inBeijing,Shanghai,TianjinandGuangzhou,etc.,railtransitaccountsforlessthan10percentinthecitiestotaltrafficcapacity.Urbanrailtransitofferscomprehensiveadvantages,likesmalllandoccupation,largetrafficvolume,highspeed,non-pollution,lowenergyconsumption,highsafetyandgreatcomfort.Withmostfacilitiesbeinginstalledundergroundandtheoperationgoingonunderground,subwaysrequireverylimitedoccupationofland,anddonotcompetewithothermeansoftransportationforspace.Urbanlightrail,trolleybusaswellassuburbanrailandmagneticsuspensiontrainarebasicallyrailways,whichmakesitpossibletomakethemostoflandresources.Urbanrailtransitsystemoffersimmensetransportcapacity.Duringrushhours,themaximumunidirectionaltransportcapacitymayreachupto60,000-80,000person-timesperhour,whichisunmatchabletoothermeansoftransportation.Thehourlytravelingspeedofrailtransitgenerallyexceeds70kilometers-100kilometers,offeringhighpunctuality.Moreover,mostlybeinghauledbyelectriclocomotives,railtransitrequireslowenergyconsumption,anditcauseslittlepollutiontocities.Therefore,itiscalledgreentransportation.Fromamacroperspective,urbanrailtransitplaysanimportantroleinimprovingthestructureofurbantransport,alleviatingurbangroundtrafficcongestion,andpromotingtheutilizationefficiencyofurbanland.Nevertheless,comparedwithothermeansoftransportation,railtransithassomedrawbacks,likelongconstructioncycle,heavyinitialinvestment,slowwithdrawaloffundsandpooreconomicbenefitsinoperation.Forexample,currentlythebuildingofsubwaycostssomeRMB500million-700millionperkilometer;urbanlightrailandmagneticsuspensiontrain,RMB200million-300million;trolleybusandsuburbanrail,aboutRMB100million.InChina,railtransitdatesbacktothelate1960s,whenthefirstsubwaywasbuiltin3Beijing.ThatwasnearlyonecenturylaterthandevelopedcountriesintheWest.However,sinceitmadeitsdebut,urbanrailtransithashelpedeasetheimmensepressurecausedbyurbantrafficcongestionandbroughtgreatconvenienceandcomforttopassengers.TakeBeijingforexample.Currently,subwaysprovideatransportvolumeofapproximately1.5millionperson-timesperday.Withoutsubways,thetrafficcongestioninthiscitywouldsimplybeinconceivable.Atpresent,railtransithasevolvedfromthestartupstagetoaperiodofstable,sustainableandorderlydevelopmentinthiscountry.InChina(excludingHongKongandTaiwan),thelengthofsubwayscompletedtotals193kilometers;projecturbanrailunderconstruction,334kilometers;plannedurbanrail,420kilometers.Amongbigcitieswithapopulationofover2million,thosethatalreadyhaveorarebuildingurbanrailtransitincludeBeijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Dalian,Shenzhen,Wuhan,Nanjing,ChongqingandChangchun.Now,sevencitieshaveannouncedorarestillworkingontheirplantobuildrailtransit:Chengdu,Hangzhou,Shenyang,Xi'an,Harbin,QingdaoandSuzhou.Accordingtoplan,by2008,therewillbethirteenrailtransitlinesandtwospurlinesinBeijing,withatotallengthof408.2kilometers.InShanghai,therewillbe21railtransitlines,totalingmorethan500kilometersinlength.DuringtheTenthFive-YearPlanperiod,thetotallengthwillhit780kilometers.InTianjin,therewillbefoursubwaylines,totaling106kilometers.That,coupledwith50kilometersofsuburbanlightrailandoneloopsubway71-kilometerssetaside,willbringthetotallengthto227kilometers.Meanwhile,therewillbesevenrailtransitlinestotaling206.48kilometersinGuangzhou,andsevenrailtransitlinestotaling263.1kilometersinNanjing.Withothercities'planningtakenintoaccount,thetotallengthofrailtransitlineswillcometosome2,200kilometersinthiscountry.Atpresent,theconstraintstothedevelopmentofrailtransitinChinamainlylieinthreeaspects:First,thereissevereshortageofconstructionfunds.Accordingtot