1位置记忆功能后视镜与汽车座椅控制系统设计

I摘要汽车后视镜是与汽车行驶安全相关的主要部件，良好的后视镜视野能保证驾驶员的行车安全。驾驶员座椅是与驾驶员身体健康相关的部件，良好的座椅位置和角度能防止驾驶员长时间驾车后出现过度疲劳而引发其他病症。汽车后视镜和座椅仅仅使用手动调整甚至是电动控制是不够的，还需要在电动的基础上增加位置存储和恢复功能，以使驾驶员操作更为方便，提高后视镜和座椅的可用性。本文设计了一种位置记忆功能后视镜与汽车座椅控制系统。该系统能电动调节后视镜上下转动、左右转动两个角度和座椅前后滑动、前椅面高度、后椅面高度和椅背角度四个位置或角度，并能在调整后记忆存储位置信息，并且可以在需要时调用位置信息。本文在探讨了汽车电子控制系统的基本组成的基础上分析了本设计的位置记忆存储式控制器的工作原理，详细阐述了该控制器的ECU选择和使用、硬件电路设计和软件程序流程，并设计了相应的系统。关键字：记忆存储；可用性；后视镜控制；座椅控制；汽车电子控制系统IIABSTRACTAutomobilerearviewmirroristhemainpartwhichisrelatedtothesafelydriving.Goodrearviewmirrorviewcanmakedrivingsafely.Driver’schairisthemainpartwhichisrelatedtothehealthofdriver.Goodchairpositionandanglecanpreventdriverfromsomediseaseswhichcomeafterlongtimedriving.Itisnotenoughtousehandadjustorelectricalcontrolfortherearviewmirrorandchair.Weshouldaddmemorialfunctionintotherearviewmirrorandchairinordertomakeiteasierfordriverstouseandimprovetheusabilityofrearviewmirrorandchair.Thispaperdevelopsamemorialcontrolunitforrearviewmirrorandchair.Thiscontrolunitcanelectricaladjusttheup-downandleft-rightanglesofrearviewmirror,italsocanadjusttheforward-back,forwardheight,backheightandchairbackangleofdriver’schair.Thecontrolunitcanmemorizethepositionsofrearviewmirrorandchairafteradjustmentandwecanrenewthepositionswhenweneed.Thispaperdiscussestheworkingprincipleofthememorialrearviewmirrorandchaircontrolunitbasedonthebasicbuildupofautomobileelectricalcontrolsystem.ThenitdetailedintroducedthechooseprocessanduseofECU,hardwarecircuitdesignandsoftwareprogramflow,designsrelevantprototypesystem.KeyWords:Memorial;Usability;RearviewMirrorControl;ChairControl;CarElectricControlSystem目录摘要·····················································································IAbstract·················································································II第1章绪论··········································································11.1课题背景及研究意义········································································11.1.1汽车后视镜············································································11.1.2汽车座椅···············································································11.1.3课题研究的背景······································································21.1.4课题研究的意义······································································31.2国内外汽车后视镜和座椅的发展与研究现状··········································41.2.1国内外汽车后视镜的发展与研究现状···········································41.2.2国内外汽车座椅的发展与应用现状··············································51.2.3记忆存储式后视镜和座椅控制系统··············································61.3课题研究的内容··············································································6第2章控制系统及控制方式的选择·············································72.1汽车电子控制系统···········································································72.1.1汽车电子控制系统概述·····························································72.1.2传感器··················································································82.1.3ECU·····················································································82.1.4执行器················································································122.2记忆存储式控制器的功能································································122.3控制方式的选择············································································132.3.1控制方式及其发展·································································132.3.2基于CAN总线的分布式控制系统·············································142.3.3线束问题·············································································142.3.4控制方式的对比选择······························································152.4基本工作原理···············································································152.5控制器的操作和使用······································································182.6本章小结·····················································································19第3章汽车电子控制单元（ECU）的选择与使用·························203.1ECU选择指标与原则·····································································203.1.1ECU的环境指标····································································203.1.2ECU选择的基本技术指标························································203.1.3ECU的选择··········································································213.2ECU主要特性··············································································213.3ECU结构模块··············································································223.4ECU引脚功能与使用···············································错误!未定义书签。3.5本章小结·······························································错误!未定义书签。第4章硬件电路设计···········································错误!未定义书签。4.1硬件电路设计概述···················································错误!未定义书签。4.2记忆存储电路·························································错误!未定义书签。4.2.1记忆存储电路概述···········································错误!未定义书签。4.2.2EEPROM的选择和特性····································错误!未定义书签。4.2.3AT93C46的引脚··············································错误!未定义书签。4.2.4AT93