结构工程英语PPT

ABriefIntroductionOfArchitecturalEngineering123456DefinationClassificationConcreteStructureSteelStructureMasonryStructureTimberStructure01DefinitionONEArchitecturalengineering,alsoknownasbuildingengineering,istheapplicationofengineeringprinciplesandtechnologytobuildingdesignandconstruction.DefinitionBuildingstructureisthesystemthatcomposedoffoundation,wall,column,beam,support,roofandotherbearingmembers.柱下基础楼板柱梁梁墙楼梯地下室底板墙下基础02ClassificationTWOClassificationbymainstructuralmaterialsSteelStructureConcreteStructureMasonryStructureTimberStructure03ConcreteStructureTHREE•Concreteisoneofthemostdurablebuildingmaterials.Itprovidessuperiorfireresistancecomparedwithwoodenconstructionandgainsstrengthovertime.Structuresmadeofconcretecanhavealongservicelife.TheBuffaloCityCourtBuildinginBuffalo,NY.Buffalo布法罗（美国纽约州西部一城市）EmpireStateBuilding1933MovieposterforKingKongPerhapsthemostfamouspopularculturerepresentationoftheEmpireStateBuildingisinthe1933filmKingKong.SydneyOperaHouseConcreteStructureConcreteStructureplainconcretestructurereinforcedconcretestructureprestressedconcretestructure•Manydifferenttypesofstructuresandcomponentsofstructurescanbebuiltusingreinforcedconcreteincludingslabs,walls,beams,columns,found-ations,framesandmore.•Reinforcedconcretecanbeclassifiedasprecast(预制)orcast-in-place(现浇)concrete.ComparisonofthefailureofreinforcedconcretebeamsandplainconcretebeamsConcreteStructureThreephysicalcharacteristicsgivereinforcedconcreteitsspecialproperties.1.TheConcretehasprotectiveeffectonsteelbar2.Coefficientofthermalexpansion(热膨胀系数)ofconcreteissimilartothatofsteel,eliminatinglargeinternalstressesduetodifferencesinthermalexpansionorcontraction.3.Whenthecementpastewithintheconcretehardens,thisconformstothesurfacedetailsofthesteel,permittinganystresstobetransmittedefficientlybetweenthedifferentmaterials.Usuallysteelbarsareroughenedorcorrugatedtofurtherimprovethebondorcohesionbetweentheconcreteandsteel.ConcreteStructure04SteelStructureFOURAsteelstructurebuildingisametalstructurefabricatedwithsteelfortheinternalsupportandforexteriorcladding,asopposedtosteelframedbuildingswhichgenerallyuseothermaterialsforfloors,walls,andexternalenvelope.Steelstructurebuildingsareusedforavarietyofpurposesincludingstorage,workspacesandlivingaccommodation.Theyareclassifiedintospecifictypesdependingonhowtheyareused.04SteelStructureFOURSteelStructureEiffelTowerTheNationalStadiumGuangzhouOperaHouseCCTVTowerSteelStructureAdvantages1.Steelisagreenproduct;itisstructurallysoundandmanufacturedtostrictspecificationsandtolerances.Itisalsoenergyefficient.Anyexcessmaterialis100%recyclable.2.Steeldoesnoteasilywarp,buckle,twistorbend,andisthereforeeasytomodifyandoffersdesignflexibility.Steelisalsoeasytoinstall.3.Steeliscosteffectiveandrarelyfluctuates([ˈflʌktʃueɪt]波动;涨落)inprice.SteelStructure4.Steelallowsforimprovedqualityofconstructionandlessmaintenance,whileofferingimprovedsafetyandresistance.5.Withthepropagationofmoldandmildewinresidentialbuildings,usingsteelminimizestheseinfestations.Moldneedsmoist,porousmaterialtogrow.SteelstudsdonothavethoseproblemsSteelStructure1.Heatconductivity:Calculationsshowthatthewebofan18-gaugesteelstudisabout31timesthinnerthanatwo-bywoodstud;however,steelconductsheat310timesmoreefficientlythanwood.Asanetresult,atwo-bysteelstudwillconduct10timesmoreheatthanatwo-bywoodstud.2.Easycorrosion:surfaceneedcoatinganti-corrosioncoatings,reduceoravoidcorrosion,improvethedurabilityoflife.DisadvantagesSteelStructureTypeofreinforcementreinforcementhot-rolledsteelbarcold-drawsteelbarcold-rolledsteelbarhealtreatedrebarHPB235HRB335HRB400RRB400plainroundbardeformedbardeformedbardeformedbar（热轧钢筋）（冷拉钢筋）（冷轧钢筋）（热处理钢筋）non-prestressedsteel（光圆钢筋）（变形钢筋）strenghductilityhighstrengh,lowductilityhighstrenghhighstrenghprestressedsteelSteelStructuremechanicalpropertiesofsteelbarsreinforcedbarwithobviousyieldpoint比例极限屈服强度极限强度o(N/mm2)fyfted流幅abcoa－elasticstagea－proportionallimitb－yieldstrengthcd－hardeningstaged－ultimatestrengthde－failurestagereinforcedbarwithoutobviousyieldpoint0.2%0.2(N/mm2)o0.2－conditionalyieldstrengh（条件屈服强度）05MasonryStructureFIVEMasonryisthebuildingofstructuresfromindividualunitslaidinandboundtogetherbymortar.Thecommonmaterialsofmasonryconstructionarebrick,buildingstone.Masonryisgenerallyahighlydurableformofconstruction.MasonryStructureTheGreatWallGreatWildGoosePagodaTheZhaozhouBrigeColosseumTheancientpyramidsofEgyptMilanCathedralMasonryStructureAdvantages1.Theuseofmaterialsuchasbricksandstonescanincreasethethermalmassofabuildingandcanprotectthebuildingfromfire.2.Mosttypesofmasonrytypicallywillnotrequirepaintingandsocanprovideastructurewithreducedlife-cyclecosts.3.Masonrystructurescanhaveausefullifeofmorethan500yearsascomparedto30to100forstructuresofsteelorreinforcedconcrete.MasonryStructureDisadvantages022.Lowstrengh033.Weaktotality044.Greatlabourintensity011.LargedeadweightMasonryStructureMechanicalmodellingofmasonrystructuresFromthepointofviewofmaterialmodelling,masonryisaspecialmaterialofextrememechanicalproperties(withave