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BreakfastThetraditionalEnglishbreakfastwithfriedbacon,sausageandfriedbread.Thisiscalledfriedfood.Butnowmostpeoplearebusy,theycannoteatthisheartybreakfasteveryday.传统的英式早餐有煎培根、香肠和煎土司。这叫做“煎食”。但现在多数人都很忙,没办法每天都吃这种丰盛的早餐sothemostpopulartypesofbreakfastare:Toastcoatedwithjam,usuallybreakfasttea,coffee,orjuice所以现在最流行的早餐种类有:一碗玉米片加牛奶;一些优格加新鲜水果;土司涂果酱,通常在早餐时喝茶、咖啡、或果汁。lunch•Britishpeoplefinishthelunchverysoon.Theirlunchusuallylastjustthirtytofortyminutes,andmanyBritishpeopletoeatasandwich,perhapsbecausethesandwichisaBritishinvention.Usuallypeoplemakesandwichesathomeinthemorning,theneatatlunchtime.英国人的中餐很快就解决。通常午餐只需三十到四十分钟,许多英国人吃三明治,或许是因为三明治是英国发明的。通常人们早上在家做好三明治,然后在午餐时间食用。•SnacksisquitecommoninBritain,especiallythechocolate,andparticularatabouteleveno‘clockinthemorningandthreeintheafternoon.点心在英国相当普遍,特别是巧克力,且特别在早上约十一点和下午三点。Teabreak•4:00—5:00PM•Greentea,bread,cake•Theycanhavearestandtalkwitheachothertorelax•AgoodwayofsocialinteractionSupper•After7:00•Themostimportantmealeveryday•Atleastthreedishes•Commondishesarebeef,ham,grapewine,whisky•Enjoywithknifeandfork•ChildrenshouldthanktotheirdaddyProhibitionsduringmeals•InEnglishmeals,manythingsarenotallowedtotalkorexist,thesethingsreflectthecustomsoftheBritishtalk•Inconversation,wealltalkabouttabooaffair.•talkwiththegentlemen,donotasktheirpoliticalviews,supportanypoliticalparties,familybackground,wageincomeetc•Whentalkwithwomen,donotasktheirage,donotaskthemthepriceofdress,nottosayintheirprivatelife.Thetaboonumber13•thenumber13isconsideredthesymbolofunluckyintheWest•Britishpeopledonotlikethenumber13.Theywillnotholdactivitiesinthe13thofamonth.Whentheyarereadytoenjoysupper,theyshouldnotstartwhenthenumberofpeopleis13,theythinkitisunluckyAvoidthecupcollisionsoundTheBritishpeoplebelievethatwhentheyareenjoyingtheirmeals,theyshouldnotmaketheirforkscollidewiththecup,ifthesoundcontinue,theyshouldtouchthecupandstopit,ortherewouldbeanunluckythingshappentothem.Pubculture•VisitorstoBritainmayfindthebestplacetosamplelocalcultureisinatraditionalpub.访问英国的人会发现传统英国酒吧是最能领略当地文化的地方。•Pubcultureisdesignedtopromotesociabilityinasocietyknownforitsreserve.Standingatthebarforserviceallowsyoutochatwithotherswaitingtobeserved.人们首先遇到的困难是从买酒开始的。大多数英国酒吧都没有酒保,你得到吧台去买酒。一伙意大利年轻人等了三刻钟才明白他们得自己去买。•ThebarcounterispossiblytheonlysiteintheBritishIslesinwhichfriendlyconversationwithstrangersisconsideredentirelyappropriateandrea1lyquitenormalbehavior.Ifyouhaven'tbeentoapub,youhaven'tbeentoBritain.在因其冷漠而出名的英国社会里,酒吧文化的形成是为了促进社会交往。排队的时候可以和其他等待买酒的人交谈。在英伦诸岛上,和陌生人亲切地交谈被认为是完全适宜的正常行为的唯一场所可能就是吧台了?你如果没去过酒吧,那就等于没有到过英国。Importantfestivalsdinner•1.NewYeardinner•2.ChristmasdinnerNewYeardinner•1.NewYeardinner英国元旦前一天,家家户户都必须做到瓶中有酒,橱中有肉(wineinthebottle,meatinthecabinet)。英国人认为,如果没有余下的酒肉,来年便会贫穷。除此之外,英国人在除夕的深夜(Newyearsevenight),常带上糕点和酒出去拜访,他们不敲门,就径直走进亲友家去。按英国人的风俗,除夕千夜过后,朝屋里迈进第一只脚的人,预示着新的一年的运气。如果第一个客人是个黑发的男人(blackhairman),或是个快乐、幸福而富裕的人,主人就将全年吉利走好运。如果第一个客人是个浅黄头发的女人(lightyellowhairwoman),或是个忧伤、贫穷、不幸的人,主人在新的一年中将遭霉运,会遇上困难和灾祸。Christmasdinner•IntheDecember24night,thegeneralfamilywillcometogethertoenjoyChristmasdinner•Sometimes,theChristmasdinnerwillprepareaseatforGod'smessenger.•TheChristmasdinnerisveryrich.Allkindsoffood,color,flavorandshapeisready.Atthetable,theyellowring-shapedorangeslicesindicatesgoodwishes(在餐桌上,黄色圈状的鲜橙片预示着美好的祝愿).•Rose,walnuts,cinnamonandbrightlycoloredfruitarethetraditionalChristmastabledecorations.•ThemaindishofChristmasdinnerisessentialtothetraditionaldishes-roastedturkey.Roastpig•SomeWesternersalsousedtoputawholeroastpigontheChristmasdinnertable,Britainandothercountriespeopleliketoputanappleinthepig’smouth.(有些西方人还习惯在圣诞晚宴的餐桌上摆一整头烤乳猪,英美等国的人们还喜欢在猪嘴里放上一只苹果)•1.冷菜(colddish)•火腿沙拉hamsalad•鸡蛋沙拉eggsalad•蔬菜沙拉vegetablesalad•2.汤(soup)•清汤lightsoup;clearsoup•浓汤thicksoup•红菜汤borsch•奶油火腿汤creamedhamsoup•3.鱼虾(fishandprawn)•俄式煎鱼fishalaRussia•奶油汁烤鱼bakedfishwithcreamsauce•铁扒大虾grilledprawns•4.素菜(vegetabledish)•5.鸡鸭(chickenandduck)•烤鸡roastchicken•炸鸡deep-friedchicken•比利时烩鸡belgianstewedchicken•6.肉(meat)•总会牛排clubsteak•法式牛肉扒frenchsteak•烤羔羊腿roastlambleg•法式猪排porkchopalafrance•7.饭后甜食(dessert)•蛋奶酥souffle•巧克力冻chocolatejelly•松饼puffpastry•鲜水果沙拉freshfruitsalad时间观念(timeconcept)不同•一般来说,中国人的时间观念较为淡薄,参加聚餐时往往“迟到”,少则30分钟之内,多则时间更长。在民间有“8点开会9点到,10点耽误不了听报告”之说,尽管听起来有点夸张,但多少也反映了中国人的时间观念(reflectourChinesetimeconcept)。•西方国家中,正式的宴会要求准时到达(beontime),一般不超过10分钟(notlatethantenminutes),否则将被视为是对主人以及其他客人的不尊重(irreverence)。着装观念(clothesconcept)不同•在中国赴宴时穿着较为随意(casual),用餐时的着装可以是T恤(T-shirt)、牛仔裤(jeans)等便装(casualclothes),只有在重要的宴会上才穿得隆重(solemn)一些。•西方赴宴时穿着较为正规(formal)、得体,去高档(superior)的餐厅,男士要穿着整洁的上衣和皮鞋(cleanshirtandshoes);女士要穿套装(Skirtsuits)和有跟的鞋子(shoeswithheel)。如果指定穿正式服装(formaldress)的话,男士必须打领带(tie),不可以穿休闲服到餐馆里用餐。美味与营养(Tasteandnutrition)观念不同•一般来说,中国人在准备宴席时首先考虑的是饮食的“色、香、味”(begoodincolor,flavorandtaste),饮食的营养成分是次要考虑得因素。在“民以食为天,食以味为先(Hungerbreedsdiscontent,tofoodsecurityforthefirst)”观念的影响下,人们对“色、香、味”的推崇到极致。•为达到“色、香、味”,汉语中的做法很多,可分成煮、烤、蒸、炒、炸(Boiled,baked,steamed,fried,deep-fried)5大类•中华民族为此产生了诸多菜系和流派(branches),其中最具代表性的有鲁、川、粤、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽八大菜系•光是刀工就有数十余种,可以把菜切成丝(wire)、片(pieces)、块(block)、泥(mud)•西方人的饮食则是重视营养
本文标题:英国饮食文化
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