上海中考英语各语法点基础考点归纳

1冠词一、固定词组1.有些固定词组中有the:inthemiddleof,gotothecinema/movies,playtheviolin/piano/guitar,intheend,thesame2.有些词组中不用任何冠词：bybus,playfootball,playchess,gotoschool,gotobed,atfirst,loseweight3.有些词组中加a:catchabus,inahurry,takeawalk,二、专有名词前1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the:Shanghai,inNewYork,inAmerica，但是theUnitedSates要加the2.由普通名词构成的专有名词前加theGreatWall,3.江河、海洋、山川前加the:theYangtzeRiver,thePacific,theYellowMountains三．一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月，next前不加任何冠词1.forbreakfast/lunch/supper2.inspring/summer/autumn/winter3.onMonday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday/Sunday4.inJanuary,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December四、宇宙中独一无二的事物，序数词，形容词最高级，only所修饰的名词前用the1.thesun,themoon,theearth2.theeighth,thetwelfth,thetwentieth,thefourth3.thebiggest,themostpopular4.theonlykey五、形容词加the,表示这一类人theblind,thedeaf,theold,therich,thepoor六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音1.a:ausefuldictionary,auniversitystudent,aEuropeanvillage,aone-eyedcaptain,auniform2.an:anhour,anhonestgirl,ane-mail,animportantletter,anexchangestudent,anuncleanX-rayphotograph,anMBAcourse,Thereis__an__”f”intheword“first”.(f,h,l,m,n,s,x,r,)介词分类记忆：一、时间介词具体哪一天on,几点钟前用at,年、月份前用in,早上、下午、晚上用in,但是具体某一天的早上、下午、晚上用on。last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前一律不用介词OnChristmasDay,onDecember14,2013,onthemorningofDecember15,二、地点介词三、短语中固定搭配的介词carefor,basedon,inone’sthirties,concentrateon=focuson,theanswertothequestion,thekeytothedoor,Sheisofaverageheight,sharewith,beresponsiblefor,add…to,四、方式介词by，withbybus,bytrain,bye-mail,byexpressmail,bycreditcardwritewithapen,sayitinEnglish五、表示形容词、副词比较范围的of/among+代词，名词或数词，in+表示地点或集体的名词Johnwasthefirstonthelistofthefamousstarsbecausehewastherichest______them.代词一、人称代词1.顺序：单数：二、三、一复数：一、二、三Johnsitsamong______,_______andme.A.Mary…youB.she…youC.you…MaryD.you…she2.主格宾格：主格——主语，宾格——宾语（动词或介词后）Thejournalistinterviewed________.(he,his,him)Ishow_______aroundthecity.(they,their,them)3.名词性物主代词Thecinemainourneighborhoodisoldandsmall,but______isbigandmodern.(they,them,.their,theirs)Mum,haveyoueverseenDanny’ssportsshoes?Iwantapairlike_______.(he)afriendofmine/his/myfather’sI______we______you_______he_______her________they_______4、反身代词enjoyoneself,helponeselftosth,learn…byoneself=teachoneselfImadeitmyself.I______we______you_______he_______her________they_______it________不定代词1.theother,others,another,theothersSome…._______One…_________another+可数名词的单数固定词组一个接着一个_________________2Willyoupleaseshowme_________one?Have_______try,andyou’llsucceed.2.形容词修饰不定代词、形容词后置somethingnecessary3.either_______,neither______,both______,all_______,none________Thereportsays__________ofthetwocountriesinAsiasupportsthewar.Afteryougetoffthebus,youcantake________ofthetwoMetroLinestoZhongshanPark.eithersidebothsides4.few,afew,little,alittleIt’sunusualforhimtobesoactivebecauseheisoftenaboyof_______words.A.fewB.littleC.manyD.much数词1、twohundred/thousand,hundreds/thousandsof,前面如果有morethan,lessthan,over,about等词时，用确切的数据about/morethantwohundredpeople2、数字的读法，百位和十位之间用and3653、序数词的拼写One_______,two__________,three_________Four________,five________,eight_________,twelve________,nine_______,twenty_________,twenty-one_____________5.分数1/2____________2/3__________,3/4_________,3/5_________6、百分比30percent7、日期表达February12，1809twohoursandahalf=twoandahalfhoursaten-year-oldboyTheboyistenyearsold.Heisoverfiftyyearsold.Heisinhisfifties.It’stenminutes’walk.It’saten-minutewalk.名词1.变复数potato______tomato______hero______Negro_______photo______(两人两菜加s,其他加es)boy______toy_________,dictionary_________,(只有辅音+y结尾变y为ies)beach___________(s,x,ch,sh,结尾的名词复数+es)life,thief,leaf,knife(fe,f结尾的名词，把f,fe变为ves)2.可数名词与不可数名词manychildrenmuchinformationafewbooksalittletimesomeboyssometimeacoupleofdaysabasketoffruit修饰可数名词的：few,afew,many,alargenumberof,acoupleof修饰不可数名词的:little,alittle,much,agreatdealof,hugeamountsof既修饰可数名词的，又可以修饰可数名词的：plentyof,alotof/lotsof,some3.名词所有格myfather’sfriend=afriendofmyfather’s，theteachers’office，theChildren’sPalace形容词/副词1、形容词的用法：1）系动词后做表语Thecomedyisveryfunny2）在名词前作定语It’safunnycomedy3）修饰不定代词在不定代词之后Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.4）在宾语之后作宾语补足语ThegoodnewsmadeBob’smotherexcited.You’dbetterkeepthewindowopen.2、副词的用法：1）修饰行为动词Hedrivescarefully.2）修饰形容词Thefoodisquitedelicious.3）修饰整个句子Luckily,hestillgotthefirstprize3、much,far,alittle,abit,alot,even等词修饰形容词比较级TheBundlooksmuch_________atnight.(pretty)Helooksalittle__________(happy)4.既是形容词又是副词的：early,fast,hard,high,late5、as…asnotas/so…as句型中间用形容词或者副词的原级，所以可以先排除比较级和最高级，选副词还是形容词，看是否修饰行为动词Thedriverdroveas___________asusual.A.mostcarefullyB.morecarefulC.carefulD.carefully6、一些特殊句型The比较级主语+谓语，the比较级主语+谓语，Theearlier…,thebetter…thefastestinourclass，oneofthelongestrivers，thesecondlongestriver，betterandbetter疑问词Howfar(tenminutes’walk)3Howsoon(intenminutes)Howfast(amileintenminutes)Howlong(fortenminutes)Howoften(twiceaday)Howmany(two)Howmuch(twoyuan/twokilos)1.Hewenttothehospitaltohaveacheckuponeyesight.(99)____________hegotothehospital?2.Wehaveaclassmeetingonceaweek.(00)____________didtheAmericanspacecraftGalileotravelandworkinspace?3.Thissignmeanscarsandbusesmustn’tturnrighthere.(04)____________