卓别林英文简介

CharlieChaplinChaplinwasborninLondonApril16,1889.Andhisparentsweresingers.•CharlieChaplinwasanEnglishcomicactorandfilmdirectorofthesilentfilmera（无声电影时代）.Hebecameoneofthebest-knownfilmstarsintheworldbeforetheendoftheFirstWorldWar.•Chaplinusedmime（哑剧）,slapstick（闹剧）andothervisualcomedyroutines,andcontinuedwellintotheeraofthetalkies,thoughhisfilmsdecreasedinfrequency（频率）fromtheendofthe1920s.•Chaplinwasoneofthemostcreativeandinfluentialpersonalitiesofthesilent-filmera.•Hisworkinglifeinentertainment（娱乐）spannedover（超过了）75years,fromtheVictorianstageandtheMusicHallintheUnitedKingdomasachildperformer,untilclosetohisdeathattheageof88.•Hishigh-profile（备受瞩目的）publicandprivatelifeencompassed（包含）bothadulationandcontroversy（奉承和争议）.EarlylifeinLondon(1889-1909)•CharlesSpencerChaplinwasbornon16April1889,inEastStreet,Walworth,London,England.Hisparentswerebothentertainers（艺人）inthemusichall（大厅）tradition.•Hisfatherwasavocalist(歌手）andanactorandhismotherwasasingerandanactresswhowentbythestagenameLillyHarley.TheyseparatedbeforeCharliewasthree.Helearnedsingingfromhisparents.Chaplin'sfatherwasanalcoholicandhadlittlecontactwithhisson.FirstyearsintheUnitedStates(1910–1916)•ChaplinfirsttouredtheUnitedStateswiththeFredKarnotroupe（卡尔诺哑剧剧团）from1910to1912.AfterfivemonthsbackinEngland,hereturnedtotheU.S.forasecondtour.•Inlate1913,Chaplin‘sactwiththeKarnoTroupewasseenbyMackSennett,MabelNormand,MintaDurfee,andFattyArbuckle.Sennetthiredhimforhisstudio,theKeystoneFilmCompany.•Chaplinhadconsiderableinitial（最初的）difficultyadjustingtothedemandsoffilmactingandhisperformance（性能）sufferedforit.AfterChaplin'sfirstfilmappearance,MakingaLivingwasfilmed,Sennettfelthehadmadeacostlymistake.•ChaplinbelievedSennettintendedtofirehim.However,Chaplin'spicturesweresoonasuccess,andhebecameoneofthebiggeststarsatKeystone.Inhiswholelife,helost3wives,andhehad5marriagesandhad2sons.ComplicatedemotionallifePioneeringfilmartistandglobalcelebrity•In1916,theMutualFilmCorporationpaidChaplinUS$670,000toproduceadozencomedies.Hewasgivennearcompleteartisticcontrol,andproducedtwelvefilmsoveraneighteen-monthperiod（期）thatrankamongthemostinfluentialcomedyfilmsinallcinema.•PracticallyeveryMutualcomedyisaclassic:EasyStreet,OneAM,ThePawnshop,andTheAdventurerareperhapsthebestknown.•In1917,ChaplinsignedacontractwithFirstNationaltoproduceeighttwo-reelfilms.FirstNationalfinancedanddistributedthesepictures(1918–23)butotherwisegavehimcompletecreativecontroloverproduction.Chaplinnowhadhisownstudio,andhecouldworkatamorerelaxedpacethatallowedhimtofocusonquality.•AlthoughFirstNationalexpectedChaplintodelivershortcomedieslikethecelebratedMutuals,Chaplinambitiouslyexpandedmostofhispersonalprojectsintolonger,feature-lengthfilms.UnitedArtists(1919–1939)•In1919,Chaplinco-foundedtheUnitedArtistsfilmdistributioncompany.•AllChaplin‘sUnitedArtistspictureswereoffeaturelength,beginningwiththeatypical（非典型的）dramainwhichChaplinhadonlyabriefcameorole（小配角）,AWomanofParis(1923).ThiswasfollowedbytheclassiccomediesTheGoldRush(1925)andTheCircus(1928).•Afterthearrivalofsoundfilms,Chaplincontinuedtofocusonsilentfilms;TheCircus(1928),CityLights(1931),andModernTimes(1936)wereessentiallysilentfilmsscoredwithhisownmusicandsoundeffects.TheGreatDictator大独裁者(1940)•Chaplin‘sfirsttalkingpicture,TheGreatDictator(1940)wasanactofdefiance（反抗，蔑视）againstNazism.•Hewasnominated（提名）forAcademyawardsforBestPicture(producer),BestOriginalScreenplay(writer)andBestActorinTheGreatDictator.Finalworks(1957–1976)•Chaplin'sfinaltwofilmsweremadeinLondon:AKinginNewYork(1957)inwhichhestarred,wrote,directedandproduced;andACountessfromHongKong(1967),whichhedirected,produced,andwrote.•Aswellasdirectingthesefinalfilms,ChaplinalsowroteMyAutobiography,between1959and1963,whichwaspublishedin1964.•From1969until1976,Chaplinwroteoriginalmusiccompositionsandscores（电影配乐）forhissilentpicturesandre-releasedthem.Chaplin‘slastcompletedworkwasthescoreforhis1923filmAWomanofParis,whichwascompletedin1976,bywhichtimeChaplinwasextremelyfrail（虚弱的）,evenfindingcommunicationdifficult.Death(1977)•Chaplin'srobusthealthbegantoslowlyfailinthelate1960s,afterthecompletionofhisfinalfilmACountessfromHongKong,andmorerapidlyafterhereceivedhisAcademyAwardin1972.•By1977,hehaddifficultycommunicating,andwasusingawheelchair.•ChaplindiedinhissleepinSwitzerlandonChristmasDay1977.That`sall，thankyou！