美国纽约州律师资格考试各科提纲 - 国际私法

融经国际商法咨询服务Gnosis&PraxisInt’lCommercial&RegulatoryConsulting1美国纽约州律师资格考试各科提纲–国际私法CONFLICTSOFLAWRECOGNITIONANDENFORCEMENTOFJUDGMENTSRenderingState:statehandingdownthejudgmentRecognizingState:statecalledupontorecognizeandenforcethejudgmentSisterStateJudgmentsRequirements:oJudgmentmustmeetfullfaithandcreditrequirementsANDoNovaliddefensesapplyFullFaithandCreditRequirementsoValidjurisdictionintherenderingcourtoverbothpartiesandthesubjectmatterofthelitigationoJudgmentwasfinaljudgmentNOTE:ifmodifiable,thennotafinaljudgment,butwillusuallybeenforcedunderprincipalsofcomityExamplesofmodifiablejudgments:oFuturealimonyoFuturechildsupportNOTE:judgmentsforamountsalreadyaccruedandinarrearsareconsideredfinaljudgmentsoJudgmentmusthavebeenrenderedonthemeritsNOTE:defaultjudgmentsandconsentjudgmentsareonthemeritsDefensesoJudgmentispenalCourtwillnotenforce–thisisajudgmentrenderedforanoffenseagainstthepublic(winnermustbethegovernment)Ex.oCriminalsanctionoCivilfineoExtrinsicFraudFraudthatcouldnothavebeencopedwithintheearliertrialEx.bribingajudgeNOTE:intrinsicfraudisfraudthatcouldhavebeendealtwithduringthelitigationandisnotagooddefensetofullfaithandcredit(classicexampleisperjury)oNon-Defenses–won’tworkbutmusttalkaboutiftheyappearinfacts融经国际商法咨询服务Gnosis&PraxisInt’lCommercial&RegulatoryConsulting2JudgmentistaxjudgmentJudgmentisbasedonaCOAthatviolatesforum’spublicpolicyMistakesbytheJudgeintheearliertrialProperremedyisappealInconsistentJudgmentsLaterjudgmentcanbeenforcedeventhoughitisinconsistentwithavalidearlieroneoRULE:enforcethelastjudgmentForeignCountryJudgmentsComityTestoJurisdictionmusthavebeenproperANDoFairproceduresmusthavebeenusedintheforeigncountryproceedingoApplytherecognizingstate’slaw–State’sideaofdueprocess(minimumcontacts–fairness)SpecialSituation:FamilyLawJudgmentsTerminationofMaritalStatus(DivorceDecree)oMusthavepropersubject-matterjurisdictionOnespousemustbedomiciledinthestaterenderingthedivorceTYPESOFDIVORCE:oExParteDivorceOnlyoneofthespousesisvalidlydomiciledwherethedivorceisgrantedoBi-LateralDivorceOneofthespousesisvalidlydomiciledwherethedivorceisgranted,andbothspousesaresubjecttopersonaljurisdictionthereoConsentDivorce(invalid–novaliddomicile)Bothpartieswantoutofthemarriageandgosomewheretogetit(“quickiedivorce”)oProceduralMattersonDivorceBurdenofProofAttackerbearstheburdenofproofoMayintroduceanyrelevantevidenceevenifevidencecameintoexistenceafterthedivorcewasgrantedAnyinterestedperson,whoisnotestoppedcanattackthedivorcedecreeforlackofsubject-matterjurisdictionESTOPPELSITUATIONS:oAttackerwassubjecttopersonaljurisdictionintheearlierproceeding(spouseinbi-lateraldivorcecannotattackdivorce)oAttackerplayedameaningfulroleinthegrantingofthedivorce,evenifnopersonaljurisdiction融经国际商法咨询服务Gnosis&PraxisInt’lCommercial&RegulatoryConsulting3oPersonsinprivitywithapartytothedivorce,includeskidsoSpousewhohasremarriedinrelianceontheearlierdivorcePropertyAwards(alimony&childsupport)omusthavepersonaljurisdictionoverspousewhosepropertyrightsareinissueChildCustodyAwardsoValidjurisdictionfordeterminingchildcustodyliesonlyinthechild’shomestateDivisibleDivorceDoctrineIfdecreehassomepartsthatarevalidandothersthatarenot,thenkeepthevalidpartsandignoretherestDOMICILEWATCHLIST:DomicileofthedecedentisusedtochoosethelawtobeappliedtodetermineintestatesuccessionofpersonalpropertyDomicileatdeathdetermineswhichstategetsestatetaxesDomicileofanindividualgivessubject-matterjurisdictionforadivorceDomicileisveryimportantwhenapplyingNYChoiceoflawrulesDomicileofChoice“LegalCapacity”–neededtomakeadomicileofchoiceoStandard:abilitytofendforyourselfoTEST:PhysicalpresenceinthatstateNOTE:canbeforshorttimeIntenttoremainfortheforeseeablefuture,thatisindefinitelyActionsspeaklouderthanwords–whatyoudocountsformorethanwhatyousayoPersoncanhaveonlyonedomicileDomicileiskeptuntilanotheroneisacquiredoMotiveforleavingastateisirrelevantDomicilebyOperationofLawIfapersonhasnolegalcapacitytoacquiredomicileofchoicethenpersonwillbeassignedadomicilebyoperationoflawoDomicileofChildChildwillhavedomicileofparentsifcannotmakechoiceDivorcedparents–domicileisthatofparentwhohasphysicalcustodyoMarriedSpouse融经国际商法咨询服务Gnosis&PraxisInt’lCommercial&RegulatoryConsulting4CommonLaw:sameashusbandNY&ModernView:domicileofchoiceCHOICEOFLAWConstitutionalLimitationsDueProcessFullFaithandCreditTESTFORBOTH:oStatechosenmusthaveasignificantcontact(s)withthepartiesorthesubjectmatterofthelitigation,whichgiveitalegitimateinterestinseeingitslawappliedNOTE:donothavetoweightheinterests,justmeetthetestSITUATIONSWHENTESTNOTMET:aftereventinquestion,someonemovestoanewstate,andmovecreatesonlycontactwiththatstate,thencannotapplystatelawifonlycontactwiththepartiesorthelitigationisthatthesuitisbroughtinastate,thencannotapplystatelawVestedRightsApproachtoChoiceofLaw(a.k.a.TerritorialApproach)ApplylawwheretherightsoftheplaintiffvestedoTORTS:TheinstantCOAarises,P’srightsvest.ApplylawoftheplacewheretheinjuryorplaceofwrongoccurredNOTE:thisisnottheplaceofthenegligence(o