剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage 3真题原文+详细解析+译文

剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文+詳細解析+译文:READINGPASSAGE3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3onthefollowingpages.Questions27-32ReadingPassage3hassevenparagraphs,A-G.ChoosethecorrectheadingforparagraphsB-Gfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,i-ix,inboxes27-32onyouranswersheet.ListofHeadingsiThereactionoftheInuitcommunitytoclimatechangeiiUnderstandingofclimatechangeremainslimitediiiAlternativesourcesofessentialsuppliesivRespectforInuitopiniongrowsvAhealthierchoiceoffoodviAdifficultlandscapeviiNegativeeffectsonwell-beingviiiAlarmcausedbyunprecedentedeventsintheArcticixThebenefitsofaneasierexistenceExampleAnswerParagraphAviii27ParagraphB28ParagraphC29ParagraphD30ParagraphE31ParagraphF32ParagraphGAUnusualincidentsarebeingreportedacrosstheArctic.Inuitfamiliesgoingoffonsnowmobilestopreparetheirsummerhuntingcampshavefoundthemselvescutofffromhomebyaseaofmud,followingearlythaws.Therearereportsofiglooslosingtheirinsulatingpropertiesasthesnowdripsandrefreezes,oflakesdrainingintotheseaaspermafrostmelts,andseaicebreakingupearlierthanusual,carryingsealsbeyondthereachofhunters.Climatechangemaystillbearatherabstractideatomostofus,butintheArcticitisalreadyhavingdramaticeffects-ifsummertimeicecontinuestoshrinkatitspresentrate,theArcticOceancouldsoonbecomevirtuallyice-freeinsummer.Theknock-oneffectsarelikelytoincludemorewarming,cloudierskies,increasedprecipitationandhighersealevels.Scientistsareincreasinglykeentofindoutwhat'sgoingonbecausetheyconsidertheArcticthe'canaryinthemine'forglobalwarming-awarningofwhat'sinstorefortherestoftheworld.BFortheInuittheproblemisurgent.Theyliveinprecariousbalancewithoneofthetoughestenvironmentsonearth.Climatechange,whateveritscauses,isadirectthreattotheirwayoflife.NobodyknowstheArcticaswellasthelocals,whichiswhytheyarenotcontentsimplytostandbackandletoutsideexpertstellthemwhat'shappening.InCanada,wheretheInuitpeoplearejealouslyguardingtheirhard-wonautonomyinthecountry'snewestterritory,Nunavut,theybelievetheirbesthopeofsurvivalinthischangingenvironmentliesincombiningtheirancestralknowledgewiththebestofmodernscience.Thisisachallengeinitself.CTheCanadianArcticisavast,treelesspolardesertthat'scoveredwithsnowformostoftheyear.Ventureintothisterrainandyougetsomeideaofthehardshipsfacinganyonewhocallsthishome.Farmingisoutofthequestionandnatureoffersmeagrepickings.HumansfirstsettledintheArcticamere4,500yearsago,survivingbyexploitingseamammalsandfish.Theenvironmenttestedthemtothelimits:sometimesthecolonistsweresuccessful,sometimestheyfailedandvanished.Butaroundathousandyearsago,onegroupemergedthatwasuniquelywelladaptedtocopewiththeArcticenvironment.TheseThulepeoplemovedinfromAlaska,bringingkayaks,sleds,dogs,potteryandirontools.Theyaretheancestorsoftoday'sInuitpeople.DLifeforthedescendantsoftheThulepeopleisstillharsh.Nunavutis1.9millionsquarekilometresofrockandice,andahandfulofislandsaroundtheNorthPole.It'scurrentlyhometo2,500people,allbutahandfulofthemindigenousInuit.Overthepast40years,mosthaveabandonedtheirnomadicwaysandsettledintheterritory's28isolatedcommunities,buttheystillrelyheavilyonnaturetoprovidefoodandclothing.ProvisionsavailableinlocalshopshavetobeflownintoNunavutononeofthemostcostlyairnetworksintheworld,orbroughtbysupplyshipduringthefewice-freeweeksofsummer.Itwouldcostafamilyaroundf7,000ayeartoreplacemeattheyobtainedthemselvesthroughhuntingwithimportedmeat.Economicopportunitiesarescarce,andformanypeoplestatebenefitsaretheironlyincome.EWhiletheInuitmaynotactuallystarveifhuntingandtrappingarecurtailedbyclimatechange,therehascertainlybeenanimpactonpeople'shealth.Obesity,heartdiseaseanddiabetesarebeginningtoappearinapeopleforwhomthesehaveneverbeforebeenproblems.Therehasbeenacrisisofidentityasthetraditionalskillsofhunting,trappingandpreparingskinshavebeguntodisappear.InNunavut's'iglooandemail'society,whereadultswhowereborniniglooshavechildrenwhomayneverhavebeenoutontheland,there'sahighincidenceofdepression.FWithsomuchatstake,theInuitaredeterminedtoplayakeyroleinteasingoutthemysteriesofclimatechangeintheArctic.Havingsurvivedthereforcenturies,theybelievetheirwealthoftraditionalknowledgeisvitaltothetask.AndWesternscientistsarestartingtodrawonthiswisdom,increasinglyreferredtoas‘lnuitQaujimajatuqangit’,orIQ.‘Intheearlydaysscientistsignoreduswhentheycameupheretostudyanything.Theyjustfiguredthesepeopledon'tknowverymuchsowewon'taskthem,’saysJohnAmagoalik,anInuitleaderandpolitician.'ButinrecentyearsIQhashadmuchmorecredibilityandweight.'Infactitisnowarequirementforanyonehopingtogetpermissiontodoresearchthattheyconsultthecommunities,whoarehelpingtosettheresearchagendatoreflecttheirmostimportantconcerns.Theycanturndownapplicationsfromscientiststheybelievewillworkagainsttheirinterests,orresearchprojectsthatwillimpingetoomuchontheirdailylivesandtraditionalactivities.GSomescientistsdoubtthevalueoftraditionalknowledgebecausetheoccupationoftheArcticdoesn'tgobackfarenough.Others,however,pointoutthatthefirstweatherstationsinthefarnorthdatebackjust50years.Therearestillhugegapsi