英语构词法 复合词

definition•compound:Inlinguistics,acompoundconsistsofmorethanonestem.Compoundingreferstothefacultyanddeviceoflanguagetoformnewwordsbycombiningorputtingtogether.Inotherwords,compound,compoundingoccurswhenapersonattachestwoormorewordstogethertomakethemoneword.classification•CompoundNouns•Compoundadjectives•CompoundVerbsCompoundNouns•Acompoundnounisanounthatismadewithtwoormorewords.•Eachcompoundnounactsasasingleunitandcanbemodifiedbyadjectives.threeformsforcompoundnouns•1.openorspaced-spacebetweenwords(tennisshoe)•2.hyphenated-hyphenbetweenwords(six-minute)•3.closedorsolid-nospaceorhyphenbetweenwords(bedroom）•A.noun+noun：•honeybee:honey+beehousework:house+work•dinningroom:dinning+room•kingship:king+ship•snowman:snow+man•snowball:snow+ball•snowfall:snow+fall•boyhood：boy+hood•hitchhiker:hitch+hiker•skyjacker:sky+jacker•football:foot+balldaydream:day+dream•shoelace:shoe+lace•weekend:week+end•classroom:class+room•fire-fly（萤火虫）:fire+fly•boy/girlfriend:boy/girl+friendpoliceman:police+man•B.adjective+noun•fullmoon:full+moonclearway(超速道路)：clear+wayeasy-chair（安乐椅）:easy+chair•redhead:red+head•freshwater:fresh+water•hardwood:hard+wood•grandfather:grand+father•blackboard:black+board•software:soft+ware(制品；器具；货物)freshman:fresh+man•shorthand(速记）:short+hand•deadline:dead+line•wasteland:waste+land•C.Verb+noun:•breakfastbreakwater•drivewaychatroom•jumpsuit(跳伞服）workexperience•swearword•playboy•pickpocket•Dverb(-ing)+noun：•washingmachinerunningwaterworkingclassrulingclass•writingdeskwritingpaper•chewinggumreadinglamp•waitinglist•diving－board跳板•drivinglicense驾驶执照•landingcard登陆卡•E.Noun+verb/（-ing）•sunrisehaircut•nightfallSnowfalltoothpicksurfride•fruitpickinglorrydriving开运货汽车•coal－miningweightlifting•bird－watching•handwritingbookkeeping•F.adverb+noun•onlookerbystander(旁观者）•under-clothesafter-effect•upgradeoverburden•underworlddownfall(垮台，大雨，衰败）overcoat•G.adverb+verb•Over(结束）throwinputoutputoutlet•upset(翻倒，混乱）upturn•Upstartonflow(湍流）•outbreakoutcome•Verb+preposition:•check-out/intake-offget-together•Noun+prepositionalphrase•mother/father-in-law•PronunciationCompoundnounstendtohavemorestressonthefirstword.Stressisimportantincompoundnouns.•a'greenhouse=placewherewegrowplants(compoundnoun)agreen'house=housepaintedgreen(adjectiveandnoun)a'bluebird=typeofbird(compoundnoun)ablue'bird=anybirdwithbluefeathers(adjectiveandnounPluralformsofcompoundnouns•Ingeneralwemakethepluralofacompoundnounbyadding-stothebaseword(themostsignificantword).Lookattheseexamples:singularpluralatennisshoethreetennisshoesoneassistantheadmasterfiveassistantheadmastersthesergeantmajor（军士长）somesergeantsmajoramother-in-lawTwomothers-in-lawanassistantsecretaryofstatethreeassistantsecretariesofstatemytoothbrushourtoothbrushesawoman-doctorfourwomen-doctorsadoctorofphilosophytwodoctorsofphilosophyapasserby,apasser-bytwopassersby,twopassers-byBecareful!•deadpresident•busybodymaddoctor=ThePsychiatrist•confidencemandressingroom•horsesense•capitalidea•familiartalk•whiteman•Greekgift•Compoundnounquiz•Usingcompoundnouns,canyoushortenthefollowingphrases?•1.aroomforstores•astoreroom•2.thehusbandofmydaughter•myson-in-law•3.twoperiodsofthreemonths•twothree-monthperiodsCompoundadjectives•1.Acompoundadjectiveisbasicallyanadjectivephrasemadeupoftwoormorewordsthatserveasasingleadjectivewhenusedtogether.•2.Asageneralrule,thewordsinacompoundadjectivearehyphenatedwhentheycomebeforeanoun(awell-knownactor)butnotwhentheycomeafter(Theactoriswellknown).•3.Also,compoundadjectivesformedwithanadverbendingin-ly(suchasrapidlychanging)areusuallynothyphenated.•Examples:1.Pleaserequestafour-foottable.('Four-foot'isanadjectivedescribingthetable.Ahyphenisusedtolink'four'and'foot'toshowthatitisoneadjective.)2.Itisa6-pagedocument.3.Claireworkedasapart-timekeeperatthepark.4.Thatisanall-too-commonmistake.••Thewarm-heartedmanboughtaready-madetoy(热心的人儿买个现成的玩具)；•Thehard-workingmanproducedahand-madetoy(勤劳的人儿做个手工的玩具)；•Thegood-lookingmanlovestoeatfat-freefood(相貌堂堂的人喜欢低脂食品)；Thepeace-lovingmanlovestobewell-behaved(热爱和平的人喜爱彬彬有礼)；•Theone-eyedmanwasbornababy-facedone(独眼的男子天生有张娃娃脸)；•Thelow-costjourneymustbeaseven-dayone(低成本的旅游当数七日游).doggerel1.adj+noun+-edwarm-heartedkind-heartedbad-temperedsweet-temperedfresh-facedmiddle-agedwhite-hairedshort-sightedwarm-bloodedcold-bloodedlight-heartedlight-headed头晕light-fingeredopen-mindedslow-footedcross-eyedgood-naturedsharp-eyediron-willedred-lipped2.adj/adverb+pastparticiple:far-fetched(牵强附会的）ready-madedeep-setnew-bornbadly-woundedhighly-developedwell-informed消息灵通的poorly-litwell-knownquickly-curedbetter-trainedpoorly-dressedwell-cuthard-wonnewly-madewell-behavedwell-spreadnewlymarried3.adverb+verb(-ing):everlastinghard-workingslow-thinkingfast-thinkingfast-movingslow-moving4.noun+pastparticiple：•man-madehome-made•hand-madegrass-covered•water-coveredsnow-covered•travel-worn(旅行得疲乏的）air-filled•poverty-strickensun-burnt•heart-felt(衷心的）self-taughtair-borne(忍受；负荷)hen-pecked(啄食；扔石头；吹毛求疵）good-lookingfast-developingordinary-lookingfree-standin