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句子成分1.名词;2.代词;3.数词;4.动名词;5.不定式;6.词组或复合结构;7.从句;8.名词化的其他词类,如:Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife.Livinginthatislandcountryforthreemonthswasanunforgettableexperienceforme.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,happyandwise.Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.一.主语:句子所陈述的对象.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(三)谓语•谓语(Predicate):动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:•1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.(三)谓语•2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.(2)由助动词加动词原形,动词的进行时态,动词的完成时态构成。如:DoyouspeakEnglish?Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.(3)由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents.注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。三、表语:表语位于系动词后面,用来修饰主语,又叫主语补足语.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.Theweatherhasturnedcold.Thatideasoundsgood.Theweathergetscolderandcolder.Timeispressing.Let’shurryup.Nancy’sjobistoteachEnglish.Sheremainsveryyoung/ateacher.Hisfaceturns/growsred.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoouroriginalplan.系动词有:1.Be动词:be“是”/补充:Therebe/stands/lies/lives2.感官动词,“…起来”sound/look(seem)/feel/taste/smell/appear(显得)3.表示变化,“变得,变成”become,get,turn,go,fall,grow4.表示保持,“保持,仍是”remain,keep,stayHeisdoinghishomework.Hepretendednottoseeme.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.四、宾语:动词所表达的内容。五、宾语补足语•用来补充说明宾语,使意思变得完整.•Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.•Leavethedooropen.•WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.•Makeyourselfathome.•Isawhimenterthehall.•Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.•Iheardmynamecalled.Hiswordsmovedeveryonepresent.Webelongtothethirdworld.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.Thisisindeedamostpressingproblem.Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.theinterestsofthepeople/amanofgoodtemper/achildoffiveSheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.六、定语:用来修饰名词或代词.Theyweregreatlytouchedtoheartheoldman’sstory.Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.Isaiditinfun.(介词短语)Theyallrushedover,eagertohelp.(形容词)Theyreturned,tiredandhungry.(形容词)Weareworkingdayandnight.(词组)Hecameupshoulderingaspade.(分词)Wecompletedtheworkfivedaysaheadoftime.Seeingthis,somestudentsbecameveryworried.七、状语:用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.(九)同位语(Appositive)对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释,通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任,如:ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.(十)插入语(Parenthesis)对一句话做一些附加的解释,通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe---)等,如:Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.一、陈述句:Shearrivedquiteearly.(事实)/Shemayhavearrivednow.(看法)二、疑问句:1.一般疑问句:Hasthefactorygoneintoproduction?ShallIturnontheTV?2.特殊疑问句:Whichcolourdoyouprefer?Howmuchisthistable-cloth?3.选择疑问句:①一般疑问句+or+第二个选择:AreyouanEnglishmanoranAmerican?②特殊疑问句+选择部分:Whichdoyouprefer,redwineorwhite?4.反意(或附加)疑问句:Youarenotgoingouttoday,areyou?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.句子种类三、祈使句:Besuretogetherebeforenine.Youdoitrightnow.四、感叹句:①what+感叹句:Whatanoble-heartedmanhewas!Whatgoodnewsitis!②how+感叹句:Howwellshedances!Howfasttheyareworking!按句子的结构层次可分三种:1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。e.g.•HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.•TomandMikeareAmericanboys.•Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.句子结构2)并列句:由并列连词(and,but,or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.•Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.•Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.•TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.1.主+谓e.g.Wework.2.主+谓+宾e.gHenryboughtadictionary.3.主+系动+表e.g.Heisastudent.4.主+谓+双宾e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5.主+谓+宾+宾补e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.(二)简单句的五种基本句型•注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。主谓结构与高考书面表达2.Quiteafewchangeshavetakenplace.(`99)4.What’smore,Icangotobedearlier.(`01)3.Thecardidn'tstopbutdroveoffatgreatspeedheadingwest.(`00)1.Hefellwithacry.(`00)主谓结构本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如:Thesunrises.Tomhasalreadyleft.主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.Exercise:Translatethefollowingsentencesusingthepropersentencestructure.Ⅰ、S(主)+Vi(不及物动词)(谓)做题技巧:先找出中文主语和谓语1.事故是昨天晚上发生的。2.在温度temperature控制方面没有严重问题。(Therebe结构)3.自由女神像theStatueofLiberty屹立在自由岛theLibertyIsland上。(Therebe结构)Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayevening.Thereisnoseriousproblemtocontrolthetemperature.TherestandstheStatueofLibertyonLibertyIsland.Therelives/sits/stands…1.她昨天回家很晚。2.会议将持续两个小时。3.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化4.1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。5.每天八时开始上课。6.这个盒子重五公斤。1.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.2.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.4.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.5.Classesbeginateighteveryday.6.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.•7.五年前我住在北京。•8.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。••9.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。••10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。9.Mygrandfathergetsupearlyinthemorning.10.Everyafternoonalotofstudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.8.Inautumn,somebirdsflytothesouth.7.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.主谓宾结构与高考书面表达1.NowIhavemorefreetime.(`01)2.IntheeveningsIcanwatchnewsonTV
本文标题:英语English非常实用的句子结构和句子成分
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