直接引语和间接引语讲解

Directspeech直接引语和间接引语&indirectspeech直接引语与间接引语引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语（directspeech),即原封不动地引用原话，把原话放在引号内；一种是间接引语（indirectspeech)，即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。Iamsmart.hewassmart.HesaidWhatdidhesay?Icanfly.itcouldfly.ItsaidWhatdiditsay?“Iamplayingfootball.”Hesaidhewasplayingfootball.Whatdidhesay?Hesaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Whatdidhesay?为什么？此句没有变时态？因为它描述的是客观事实真理，经得住时间考验，故不变化“Ifinishedmyhomeworktwodaysago.”Shesaidshehadfinishedherhomeworktwodaysbefore.Whatdidhesay?Iwillgoshoppingtomorrow.shewouldgoshoppingthenextday.ShesaidWhatdidshesay?陈述句“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary,”saidAnne.直接引语间接引语Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.①②③④1.Sbsaid位置变化2.加that引导后面的宾语从句3.人称的变化4.时态的变化whether/ifwelikedsinging.“Doyoulikesinging?”HeaskedWhatdidhesay?间接引用别人的一般疑问句时要做相应变化1·say变ask2·要添加if/weather。3·句子变陈述句语序AttentionHesaid，“canyouspeakalittleEnglish？”HeaskedifIcouldspeakalittleEnglish一般疑问句直接引语间接引语“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson?”thewriterasksus.Thewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.①②一般疑问句直接引语间接引语Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson?thewriteraskedus.Thewriteraskedusifafriendalwayshadtobeaperson.特殊疑问句直接引语间接引语“Whatdoyoucallyourdiary?”Anne’ssisteraskedher.Anne’ssisteraskedherwhatshecalledherdiary.小结直接引语→间接引语：时间变化now现在then那时today今天thatday那天thisweek(month,etc.)thatweek(month,etc.)本星期（月等）那个星期（月等）Yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天thedaybefore前一天twodaysbefore前两天lastweek(year,etc.)thedaybeforethedaybefore上星期（去年）前一周（年等）threedays(ayear,et.)agothreedays(ayearetc.)before三天（一年等）以前前三天（一年等）tomorrow明天thenext(following)day次日thedayaftertomorrowtwodayslater(intwodaystime)后天过两天nextweek(yea,etc.)thenext(following)week(year,etc.)下星期（明年等）下一周（第二年等）直接引语→间接引语：时间变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this这that那these这些those那些地点状语here这里there那里动词come来go去直接引语→间接引语：人称变化①直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称。Hesaid,“Iamverysorry.”→Hesaidthathewasverysorry.②直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称。“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.→MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.③直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”→Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.④人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithme?”→HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhim.总之：人称的变化要符合逻辑！（1）一般现在时变为一般过去时（2）现在进行时变为过去进行时（3）一般将来时变为过去将来时（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时（5）一般过去时变为过去完成时（6）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时直接引语→间接引语：时态的变化时态不变化：①直接引语是客观真理“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth”,theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmethemoonmovesaroundtheearth.②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。XiaoWangsaid,“IwasbornonApril2l,1980.”→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时(例：could,should,would,might)，时态不再变。Petersaid,“Youhadbettercomeheretoday.”→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.直接引语变间接引语时,时态要发生变化:一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Hesaidthatthetrainleavesat7:30p.m.HesaidthatRomeisn’tbuiltinaday.TomsaidhewasborninJuly,1978.1.Hesaid,“theearthgoesaroundthesun.”2.Hesaid,“Thetrainleavesat7:30p.m.”3.Hesaid,“Romeisn’tbuiltinaday.”4.Tomsaid,“IwasborninJuly,1978.”由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:真理时间表格言过去的时间状语5.部分情态动词,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化直接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthatthosethenbeforethatday/today/yesterdaythenext/followingday直接引语间接引语thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaycomebringhereintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforegotakethere1.“Ilikereadingadventurestories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories.2.“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriend.Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.ExerciseI3.“Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”Peterasked.PeteraskedAnnifshehadseenhisbluenotebook.4.“Howcanyoudothat?”MarysaidtoAnn.MaryaskedAnnhowshecoulddothat.5.“Whatdifferencedoesitmake?”PeteraskedJim.PeteraskedJimwhatdifferenceitmade.1.“Inevereatmeat,”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet,”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme,”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.heatetoldhadfoundhisshehadtaken4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.He______methathe______methertheday______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.risesgoestoldhadbeforehadthere7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago,”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He__________________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere.hadbeforeaskedwhether/ifbeforetoldcould10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.11.“Wherehavey