TFT-LCD液晶显示器工作原理

FPDTFTLCDFPDisplay2004.8(CRT,cathode-raytube).,.,,..Thin-filmtransistorliquidcrystaldisplay,TFTLCD.,,,..3(LC,liquidcrystal),.,,.,,(1),,,.,.1888,FriedrichReinitzer,(cholesterylbenzoate),145.5,,.178.5,(isotropicliquid).,1889,O.Lehmann,.,,(birefringence),(opticalanisotropic)..,,-(liquidcrystal).,.,,,.(2),,,.,()..,,.,,.1922G.Friedel,NematicSmecticCholesteric.(3),:4度度(Crystalline)SematicCphaseSematicAphaseNematicphase(Liquid)(Liquidcrystalline)(biaxial)(uniaxial)(Isotropic)(Anisotropic)6(Sematic)X(Cholesteric)XZY()(Disk,Discoid)X(Nematic)XZY(Director)7(LC,liquidcrystal)1.(Sematic):,...,.S(orderparameter)1.,.,.,.,(director),.,,.,SematicAphase.(tilt),SematicCphase.A,C,,,SematicBphase.BphaseCphase,CphasechiralBphase.ChiralsematicCphaseSematicBphase(4).,,.2.(Nematic):Nematic,thread.,.,()..,S.,()TFTTN(Twistednematic).8(LC,liquidcrystal)3.(cholesteric):,..5,,.Z,,360pitch.,Chiralnematicphase.,,,,.4.(disk):,,(disk),(discoid).(polymerliquidcrystal,).TFT.,(thermotropic),(lyotropic).,,.,.,,,,,.(anisotropic).,.,.,,,.10(Cholesteric)XZY(Director)Pitch,XY,.pitch,360.11(Anisotropic),,.,,:1.(dielectricpermittivity):,(.2.(refractiveindex):,,.n//n.(uniaxial),.no,ordinaryray,no.ordinaryray.ne,extraordinaryray,extraordinaryray.(birefrigence)n=ne-no.12(=ne)n//(=no),()ne-no0.n0,,.,n0...3.:,,.(elasticconstant:(viscositycoefficients,),(responsetime),..(magneticsusceptibility),,χ//χ.χ=χ//-χ.13•Parameterdefinene=nextraordinary=nparallel=n//no=nordinary=nperpendicular=n⊥•Opticalanisotropy•Birefringence∆n=n//-n⊥•Positivebirefringence:nenonone14(polarizer),,,.,.,.,.(),,.,,.,.,,.,.(8).,,,,,,.(9)16(polarizer)17(polarizer)18(TwistNematic)LCD19(Thinfilmtransistor,TFT),(Colorfilter).(3),,,.,.,.,,,.,,,.,,PI(polyimide),(rubbing),PI,.PI,3,,.20(TwistedNematic)LCD10,,.TN,90.(9)90,,.,90,,90.,90.(9),,TN,,.21(TwistNematic)LCD不22(Normallywhite),,,,normallywhite.,,,,NB(Normallyblack).910NW,11,TNLCD,,NBNW.NB,.NB,90.NWNB?.,NW.,,,.,NW.NW,.NB.23(SuperTwistedNematic)LCDSTNLCDTNLCD,TNLCD,,90.STNLCD,180,270.(12),.13TNSTNLCD,,.,.NormalWhite.,TNLCD,STNLCD.TNLCD,90%10%,STNLCD.,,.TNSTN,TNLCD,STNLCD.TNLCD6~8bits,64~256.STNLCD4bits16.STNTNLCD(responsetime)STNLCD100msTNLCD30~50msSTNLCD25(supertwistnematic)LCDTNLCD=90STNLCD180(270)26(Thinfilmtransistorliquidcrystaldisplay)TFTLCD,.,,TFTLCD.14,,,,CLC(capacitorofliquidcrystal).0.1pF,,.TFT,,TFT.(60Hz,16ms.),,.,CS(storagecapacitor0.5pF),.,TFT,.LCDsourcedriver.,.LCDsourcedriver.28(colorfilter,CF),,.15.,,.,..RGB,,,RGB,,pixel.pixel,.1024*768,1024*768pixel,.15,RGB,Blackmatrix.14,blackmatrix.ITO,Cr/Al,TFT.15,RGB,,blackmatrix,TFT.16.(stripe)OA,,.?,.,,.,,,,.AV,.,,.,AV(mosaic,).AV,(triangle,delta).,,.,pixel,pixel..30:RRRGGGBBBRRRGGGBBBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRBRGBRGBRGBRBRGRGBBGGRGRGBBGGRGRGBBWWRGRGBBWW32(backlight,BL)CRT,,,,.,,.,,,.14,(),,,prismsheet,.,,.TFTLCD.prismsheet,,TFTLCD.TFTLCD,,.33(Sealant)spacer14spacer.,,,,,,.spacer,,spacer,,(gap),,.34(Apertureratio),.?.17,17.,,LCDsourcegate,TFT,.,,,blackmatrix,.,17.,.,,,,.::50%():95%():95%:50%():27%(80%,,.RGB,..80%*33%=27%.),6%,.TFTLCD,.,,,.35!