中西宗教比较

ComparingWesternandChineseReligionsLead-inactivitiesWhatisGeYoudoingthereinthechurch?Haveyoueverprayed?Ifyouhave,whomdoyouusuallyprayto?Underwhatsituations?DoyoubelieveinGodorgods?Ifyoudo,why?Ifyoudon’t,why?WesternreligionsChristianityRomanCatholicsEasternOrthodoxProtestantismJudaismIslamTheMostPopularReligionIntheWestChristianityRomanCatholicChurchEasternOrthodoxChurch(TheEasternOrthodoxchurchsplitfromRomanCatholicChurchin1054AD)ProtestantChurch(ProtestantismsplitfromtheRomanCatholicChurchinthe16thcentury,duringtheProtestantReformation.)TheWorld'sLargestReligion(2.2billionadherents)37.50%25.70%22.50%13.10%0.90%ChristianstheAmericas37.5%(11.4%intheUnitedStates)Europe25.7%Africa22.5%Asia13.5%Oceania0.9%ChristianitybyCountriesCountryChristiansPercentageAustralia14,345,00063.9%NewZealand2,426,00055.3%Canada26,401,00077.1%UnitedKingdom44,522,00071.8%UnitedStates176,400,00078.4%France35,014,00053.5%Germany49,400,00059.9%Netherlands7,210,00043.4%Switzerland6,172,00079.3%PairworkWhatbasicfactsdoyouknowaboutChristianity?JesusChristThecentraltenetofChristianityisthebeliefinJesusastheSonofGodandtheMessiah(Christ).ThetitleMessiahcomesfromtheHebrewwordmeaninganointedone.TheGreektranslationΧριστός(Christos)isthesourceoftheEnglishwordChrist“.TrinityTogether,thesethreepersonsaresometimescalledtheGodhead,althoughthereisnosingleterminuseinScripturetodenotetheunifiedGodhead.InthewordsofanearlystatementofChristianbelief,theFatherisGod,theSonisGod,andtheHolySpiritisGod,andyettherearenotthreeGodsbutoneGod.TrinityTheTrinityisanessentialdoctrineofmainstreamChristianity.Father,SonandHolySpiritrepresentsboththeimmanenceandtranscendenceofGod.GodisbelievedtobeinfiniteandGod'spresencemaybeperceivedthroughtheactionsofJesusChristandtheHolySpirit.Accordingtothisdoctrine,Godisnotdividedinthesensethateachpersonhasathirdofthewhole;rather,eachpersonisconsideredtobefullyGodScripturesChristianityregardstheBible,acollectionofcanonicalbooksintwoparts(theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament),astheauthoritativewordofGod.ChristiansbelievetheBiblewaswrittenbyhumanauthorsundertheinspirationoftheHolySpirit.ScripturesChristiansbelievethatJesusistheMessiahprophesiedintheHebrewBible,referredtoastheOldTestamentinChristianity.InNewTestament,theBiblicalaccountsofJesus'ministryinclude:hisbaptism,miracles,preaching,teaching,anddeeds.ScripturesJesuswasconceivedbytheHolySpiritandbornfromtheVirginMary.TheNativitybyCharles-FrançoisPoerson,1667.LittleofJesus'childhoodisrecordedinthecanonicalGospels;however,hisadulthood,especiallytheweekbeforehisdeath,iswelldocumented.JesusasthegoodshepherdbyBernhardPlockhorstTheSermonOntheMountbyCarlHeinrichBloch,Danishpainter,d.1890GroupworkWhatarethemajorChinesereligions?Whatdothesepicturesindicate?MajorChinesereligionsConfucianismBuddhismTaoism(Daoism)ShamanismSuperstationTheInfluentialReligionstoChineseBuddhismBuddhismisareligionandphilosophyencompassingavarietyoftraditions,beliefsandpractices,largelybasedonteachingsattributedtoSiddharthaGautama（悉达多.乔达摩）,commonlyknownastheBuddha(meaning“theawakenedone”).StandingBuddhaOneoftheearliestknownrepresentationsoftheBuddha,1st-2ndcenturyCE,Gandhara（古印度）BuddhismTheBuddhalivedandtaughtinthenortheasternIndiansubcontinentsometimebetweenthe6thand4thcenturiesBCE.HeisrecognizedbyBuddhistsasanawakenedorenlightenedteacherwhosharedhisinsightstohelpsentientbeingsendignoranceofdependentorigination,thusescapingwhatisseenasacycleofsufferingandrebirth.PopulationofBuddhismBuddhismremainsmostpopularwithinAsia,bothbranchesarenowfoundthroughouttheworld.EstimatesofBuddhistsworldwidevarysignificantlydependingonthewayBuddhistadherenceisdefined.Lowerestimatesarebetween350–500million.ChineseBuddhistsBuddhismbyAreaCountryandAreaBuddhistpopulationpercentagePeople'sRepublicofChina277,588,896-1,202,885,2188%-91%Taiwan21,530,35893%HongKong6,496,30492%BuddhismbyCountry(withChineseimmigrants)Singapore3,341,69267%UnitedStates6,039,8002%BuddhismTwomajorbranchesofBuddhism:Theravada(“TheSchooloftheElders”小乘佛教)hasawidespreadfollowinginSriLankaandSoutheastAsiaMahayana(“TheGreatVehicle”大乘佛教)isfoundthroughoutEastAsiaandincludesthetraditionsofPureLand(净土宗),Zen(禅宗),NichirenBuddhism(日莲宗),TibetanBuddhism(藏传佛教),etc.BuddhistConceptsSentientbeingsarecharacteristicallynotenlightened,andarethusconfinedtothedeath,rebirth,andsufferingcharacteristicofSaṃsāra.Saṃsāra,literallymeaningcontinuousflow,isthecycleofbirth,life,death,rebirthorreincarnation.六道轮回：天道、人间道、阿修罗道、畜生道、饿鬼道、地狱道TraditionalTibetanBuddhistThangkadepictingtheWheelofLifewithitssixrealmsBuddhistConceptDependentoriginationordependentarising:MahayanaBuddhism(大乘佛教)statesallphenomenaarearisingtogetherinamutuallyinterdependentwebofcauseandeffect(緣起).BuddhistConceptInBuddhism,karma(因缘)specificallyreferstothoseactions(ofbody,speech,andmind)thatspringfrommentalintent,andwhichbringaboutaconsequence(orfruit)orresult.Karmaistheforcethatdrivessaṃsāra—thecycleofsufferingandrebirthforeachbeing.Good,skillfuldeedsandbad,unskillfulactionsproduceseedsinth