一招搞定定语从句

一、定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。Themanwholivesnexttousisalawyer.Themanisalawyer.Themanlivesnexttous.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1.由who,whom,whose引导的定语从句这类定语从句中who用作主语,whom作宾语,whose作定语指人。Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.（这位是帮过我的那个人。）TheDoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.(你找的那位大夫在屋里。)DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisYaoMing?（你认识那个叫姚明的人吗？）2.which引导的定语从句这类从句只能指物，which在从句中作主语或（谓语动词或介词的）宾语。Thisisthebookwhichyouwant.这就是你要的那本书。Thebuildingwhichstandsneartheriverisourschool.河边的那栋楼是我们学校。Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.（有机器的房间是车间。）1)whom，whose，which作介词宾语时,介词一般可放在它们之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上,在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。（withwhosehelp…whose作介词宾语必须要加名词，如这里的help）注意！Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这位就是你在找的那个人。2)引导非限制性定语从句时，关系代词往往用which，不用that。Ihavelostmybook,whichIlikeverymuch.注意！3.由that引导的定语从句that在定语从句中可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。TheletterthatIreceivedwasfrommyfather.我收到的那封信是我父亲写给我的。在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句：1)先行词是不定代词:all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。AllthatwehavetodoistopracticeeveryDay.我们要做的就是每天练习。注意！2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.我所学的第一课永远也忘不了。Beartheminyourmind!3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.你给我的书我全读完了。4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.他是唯一的我想跟说话的人。5)先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他们谈论着他们能记起的那些在学校的人和事。4.由when,where,why引导的定语从句。Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.我知道他为什么来晚了。Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years.这就是我住过五年的地方。IwillneverforgettheDaywhenImetMr.Li.我永远也忘不了遇到李先生的那天。先行词是表示地点时,有时用where，有时用that(which)引导定语从句。这时要看从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。如果是及物动词就用that(which),否则用where。Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.这就是我去年住的房子。Thisisthehousethat(which)hevisitedlastyear.这就是我去年去过的房子。5.由as引导的定语从句as可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从句。1.such…as…像……一样的，像……之类thesame…as…和……同样的注意！在这两个句型中,as是关系代词,其中such,same做定语,修饰主句的名词、代词,这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词,as在从句中担任主语、宾语、表语。Thisisthesamethingasweareinneedof.Suchpeopleasyousayareshortnow.2.…suchas…such为代词，意思为“这样的人/物”，as修饰先行词such。ThisbookisnotsuchasIhope.3.thesame…as…/thesame…that…as，that都引导定语从句。意思几乎相同。但从句中省去谓语时必须用as。Sheisthesameageasyou/thatyouare.4.…,as…“有些”在这里,as引导非限定性定语从句,相当于which引导的非限定性定语从句,有时可互换。HeisfromBeijing,as/whichtheyknowfromthewayhespeaks.三、注意事项：关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同成分。a.Thisistheplacewhereheworks.Thisistheplacewhich(that)wevisitedlastyear.1.I’vereadallthebooks____yougaveme.A.whichB.themC.whatD.thatDI.Choosetherightanswer.2.Hekeepsarecordofeverything____hehadseenthere.A.heB.thatC.whichD.what3.Tellusaboutthepeopleandtheplaces____aredifferentfromours.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whomAB4.MrJohnsaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcity____hehadvisitedinChina.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whatA5.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone_____Ihavewatchedthisyear.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.thatD6.LastSundaytheyreachedQingdao____aconferencewastobeheld.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereD7.Isthisthemuseum____youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone8.IbegantoworkinBeijingintheyear____NewChinawasfounded.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.whereAA10.Thisistheveryfilm______I’velongwishedtosee.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom11.Thereisnodifficulty_______can’tbeovercomeintheworld.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whatAB12.Whoistheperson____isstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whomB13.Thiswasthesupermarket___Iboughtthiskindoftin.A.whereB.thatC.whoD.whichA15.Thisisthelasttime____Ishallcomeheretohelpyou.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what16.Thehouse_____weliveisnotbig.A.inthatB.whichC.inwhichD.thatAC17.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_____wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whomC18.All____glitters（v.闪耀，闪亮，闪烁）isnotgold.A.thatB.whichC.不填D.whatA20.Beijing,____isthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.A.thatB.itC.whichD.不填21.Shewasnolongerthewoman___shewas.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whoAC22.That’sthehotel____lastyear.A.whichwestayedB.atthatwestayedC.wherewestayedatD.wherewestayed(不及物动词）D27.Itisnotsuchaninterestingmagazine____Ithought.A.asB.thatC.whichD.不填28.____youknow,heisafamousmusician.A.AsB.whichC.ThatD.不填AA29.MrZhou,____nativelanguagewasChinese,couldreadandwriteseveralforeignlanguages.A.whoseB.hisC.whichD.thatA30.Doyouknowtheactor____yousawplayingHamletisnowdoingKingLear?A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whichB34.Weallrememberthedays____westudiedtogetheratschool.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.不填35.Doyouknowthereason____hedidn’tcome?A.thatB.whichC.forD.whyCD36.Ishowedthedoctortheplace____Ifeltthepain.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when37.Heistheonlyoneofthethree___gotthenewidea.A.whohaveB.whomhaveC.whohasD.whosehadCC38.I’moneofthestudents____wellinEnglishinmyclass.A.whodoesB.whodoC.whichdoesD.whodidB39.Thisisthebaby_____tomorrow.A.afterwhomIshalllookB.whomIshalllookafterC.whoseIshalllookafterD.afterwhomIshalllookafterB40.Thisisthefastesttrain____isgoingtoNanjing.A.thatB.whatC.whereD.不填A