英语的四种文体的区别

LearntoWriteChapterⅢ:compositionLectureOne:formsofcompositionDifferencebetweenspeechandwritingSpeech(e.g.Unit2)Writing(e.g.Unit3)SentenceShorter,incomplete,repetition,pauseLonger,Complete,ComplexstructuresVocabularyNonsensicalwords(eh,aha,etc.),lessformalLonger,formalFormsofcomposition1.Narration（叙述文）:writingaboutevents,actions,orincidentsInchronologicalorderThefirstpersonorthethirdpersonEvent:beginning,developmentandending(pasttensesforpastevents)Clearlystatetime,place,people,event,causeandresult.Emphasizeonthetheme,leavingoutunnecessarydetails.Example:LifeonaFarm(Narration)Onedaydownonthefarm,somethingfunnyhappened.MycousinandIgotintobigtroublewithhisdad.Itallhadtodowithpigs.Itwasoneofthosehot,peacefuldays.Wewereharvestingfruittosell.Thepigpenswereneartheorchard.Thepigswerealwaysallowedtoeatthewindowfallsunderthetree.Butthistime,whenharvestwasover,theyescapedandgotintothebaskets.Thiswasseriousbusiness.Partofthefamilyincomedependedonthesaleofapplesandpapayas.Anyway,myunclegaveusorderstofixthepens,andthenheleftformarket.Mycousinwasaknow-it-all.Hehadtobosshisjob,soweputthepigsbackin,patchedupthebigholes,andwentswimming.Thetroublebeganwhenmyunclegothome.Thepigshadbeensqueezingthroughthesmallholes.So,mycousinandIwerereallyinhotwater.Formsofcomposition2.Description（描写文）:depictingpeople,objects,orsceneryFocusonwhat’sdescribedOrdertodescribe(centeraroundthetypicalcharacteristicsandfeatures)Diction(vividness)Example:LifeonaFarm(Description)Thestillmorningcalmisbrokenbytherooster’scrow.Shortlyafterthatallthecreaturesonthefarmarehungrilyawake.Thebirdsaresingingdelightfully,flyingfromtreetotree.Thelittlechickshurryaroundwiththeirmotherhenlookingforfood.Thesunbeginstowarmtheearth.Farmersbegintoworkhardinthefields,butmycousinisridingonhisbrown,furrywaterbuffalo.Heisplayinghisflutecheerfully.Thecooleveningisquietandpeacefulonthefarm.Thecricketschirpsecretmessagesbackandforth.Thefrogscroakdeeply.Thebeautyofnatureandthesemysterioussoundsgentlylullmetosleepeverynightonthefarm.Formsofcomposition3.Exposition（说明文):toexpose,ortopresentandexplaininformation,ideasandopinionsPointtoconveySupportingdetails(facts):orderoftime,space,logic,etc.Logicaltechniques:cause-and-effect,comparison-and-contrast,classification,definition,etc.Examples:LifeonaFarm（Exposition)Farmlifecanbefun,butitisverydifferentfromlifeinthecity.Ivisitmyuncle’sfarmeachsummerandhelphiminthegardenandwiththelivestock.Countrylifeissodifferentfromlifeinthecity.Theairiscleanandfresh,Itisquiet,andyoucanhearthebirdssing.Thevegetablegardenandsmallorchardneedlotsofcare.Thereareweedstohoeandbugstospray,butpickingorangesiswhatIlikebest.Myuncleraisespoultryandlivestock.Wehavetofeedthechickens,ducksandgeesetwiceaday,butthepigsonlyonce.Gatheringhen’seggsiseasy.Theyareinthenest.Theduckslaytheirsbythepond.Ialwaysenjoycountrylife.Mycousinthinksthereistoomuchwork.Helikescitylife.FormsofcompositionArgumentation（议论文）：persuasive&convincingAnexplicitlydefinedtheme:Thenegativeviewandtheauthor’sview(hisargument)Sufficientevidence:Thesupportingdetails(includingmuchofthewriter’scomment)SoundlogicWell-wovenorganizationAfriendlyattitudeExample:LifeonaFarm(Argument)Whenyoutalkaboutlifeonafarm,whethertoraisechickensorducksisthequestion.Ithinkchickensarethebestpoultrytoown,butmycousinpreferredducks.Ihadtoconvincemycousinthatchickenswerebetter,soIreasonedwithhim.Ifwegotducks,wewouldhavetobuildapond.Forchickenswewouldonlyhavetobuildnestboxes.Also,morepeopleeatchickenthanducks,sotheywillbringmoreatthemarket.Notonlythat,chickenmanuremakesgoodfertilizerforplantsaroundthefarm.Youwilljusthavetoadmitit:allthingsconsidered,chickensarebetterthanduckstomakeapleasantlifeonthefarm!Formsofcomposition(summary):(1)Narration:(2)Argumentation:(3)Exposition:(4)Description:time,place,character,eventargument(point),supportingfactspoint,supportingfacts(details)order,dictionDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteaneye-witnessaccountofatrafficaccident.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1）车祸发生的时间及地点2）你所见到的车祸情况3）你对车祸原因的分析Cet-4,2003.6——Narration——Description——Exposition