京剧英文介绍

Thegem--BeijingOpera国粹——京剧Chinesetraditionaloperaisconsideredoneoftheworld'sthreeancientoperas,togetherwithGreektragedyandcomedy,andIndianSanskritopera.Amongthemorethan360ancientlocaloperasinChina,PekingOperaisknownasChina’snationalopera,despiteitscomparativelyyoung200-yearhistory.Partone:IntroductionofBeijingOperaParttwo:RolesinBeijingOperaPartthree:BeijingOperainlifePartfour:TheFacialPaintingOrigin京剧非“京”OperaAlthoughitiscalledPekingOpera,theoriginsofPekingOperaarenotinBeijingbutintheprovincesofAnhui(EastChina)andHubei(South-centralChina).Itsriseisdueingreatparttothefavorableeyesandpatronageoftheimperialroyalties.京味道PekingisapurelyChineseoperaformdatingbacktotheyear1790,whenthefamousFourAnhuiOperaTroupesfirstcametoBeijingincelebrationofthe80thbirthdayofEmperorQianlong(1711-1799)oftheQingDynasty(1644-1911).Thetourwasahitandthetroupesstayed.In1828,somefamousHubeiOperaTroupeplayerscametoBeijing.Itwasafter1840thatPekingOperaformallytookshape,growingevenfasterduringthereignoftheEmpressDowagerCixi(1835-1908),whowasanoperaaficionado.ClassicPekingOperarepertoiresandthenamesofthefirst-generationmasterswereonthelipsofthepeopleinBeijing,andeventuallyprevalentaroundthecountry.京剧是1840年以后正式形成了，慈禧太后（1835至1908年）是一个歌剧爱好者，在位期间京剧发展得更快。经典京剧剧目和第一代大师的名字，经过人民的传诵，并最终在全国各地普遍存在。生Sheng:mainmalerole老生小生武生旦Dan:youngandbeautifulfemale正旦（青衣）：泛指旦中正角，不表现确定的性格特征。旦Dan:youngandbeautifulfemale花旦：花旦扮演性格活泼明快或泼辣放荡的青年或中年女性，并常带喜剧色彩。旦Dan:youngandbeautifulfemale旦Dan:youngandbeautifulfemale老旦oldwoman：扮演老年妇女。旦Dan:youngandbeautifulfemale彩旦uglywoman:一作丑旦、丑婆子，秦腔里也称之为媒旦。扮演女性中的喜剧或闹剧人物，实为女丑，故常由丑行兼扮FourGreatDans（四大名旦）Mei[FarewellMyConcubine]Cheng[InjusticetoDou'e']Shang[LadyZhaojunGoingbeyondtheGreatWall]Xun[Matchmaker]梅兰芳荀慧生程砚秋尚小云净Jing:paintedfacedmale净:主要扮演性格、品质或相貌不同于一般、有突出特征的男性人物。Jing（净）TheJingisapaintedfacemalerole丑Chou:clown,maleorfemaleChou（丑）signifieshonesty,probity(正直),courageandbraveryBlacksaidthetypesoffacialmakeupinoperasiscriticized(刚烈)people,integrity(正直),braveryandevenreckless(鲁莽),suchasZhangFei.typesoffacialmakeupinoperasthatviciousbrutality(凶狠残暴),suchasDianWei.典韦英布Blueorgreentypesoffacialmakeupinoperasthatsomeofthefiguresrepresentedirritable(粗豪暴躁),suchasDouAmbassador(窦尔敦),MaWu(马武).Whitetypesoffacialmakeupinoperasthatcunning(狡猾的），self-willed(顽固的,treacherous（奸诈的）Goldentypesoffacialmakeupinoperasthatimmortal(神仙）andmonsterPurpletypesoffacialmakeupinoperasthatwisdomandbravery.Quizs1).TheoriginsofBeijingOperaareinBeijing.2).HowmanyrolesinBeijingOpera?(provincesofAnhuiandHubei)(Sheng,dan,jing,chou)