英文论文写作中的常见错误

英文论文写作中的常见错误吴令安中国科学院物理研究所2009.7.8Outline•文章结构•格式与文法•容易用错的字•SomeHowlers写作前•中英文写作习惯不同，仔细参考各种原文期刊文章•千万不要直译，尽量用英文思考•先易后难,先写理论实验，后写引言结论文章结构•Title•Authors,Affiliation•Abstract•Maintext•Acknowledgments•References•Figurecaptions•FiguresTitle•要简明扼要•不要翻译“…的研究”、“…的最新进展”•一般第一个字不要冠词、数值、缩写纳米孪晶纯铜的强度和导电性研究AnInvestigationofUltrahighStrengthandHighElectricalConductivityinCopperwithNanometerSizedTwins☺UltrahighStrengthandHighElectricalConductivityofCopperwithNanometerSizedTwinsTitle—Examples相变型半导体存储器研究进展Areviewandrecentprogressonphase-changesemiconductormemory☺Phase-changesemiconductormemories光电子技术在保健医疗和生物学应用的进展Progressonoptoelectronictechnologyinhealthcaretreatmentandbiology☺Optoelectronicsinhealthcaretreatmentandbiology物理学类中文核心期刊的研究TheresearchofthecoreChineseperiodicalsinphysics☺OntheevaluationofthemajorChineselanguagephysicsperiodicalsTitle—Examples非碳纳米管研究的新进展Latestresultsonpreparationmethodsofnon-carbonicnanotubes☺Recentresultsinthepreparationofnon-carbonicnanotubes有机半导体外延生长的STM研究STMstudiesonepitaxialgrowthoforganicsemiconductors☺ScanningtunnelingmicroscopystudiesontheepitaxialgrowthoforganicsemiconductorsAuthors•是否所有作者都参与了工作？•是否所有作者都同意署名？•名字保持一致的拼音：李建国J.Li☺Jian-GuoLi,JianguoLi,J.G.Li,J.-G.Li,Nature:X.Wang,X.Wang,X.Wang,…Affiliation•单位尽量简单（少占空间）KeyLaboratoryof….,Schoolof…,Abstract•简明扼要,但要给出主要数据结果•不要翻译“本文介绍…”,要开门见山•时态：一般用现在完成时、现在时Thispaperintroduces…☺Wedescribe……的研究进展Theinvestigationprogressof…thefabricationtechniquesandprogressofMgB2thinfilms☺…thefabricationofMgB2thinfilms本文系统地介绍了相变型半导体存储器的原理、相变材料、特点、器件结构设计、研究现状及面临的几个关键器件工艺问题。Inthispaper,theprogressesofphase-changesemiconductormemorywerereviewedsystematically,includingthememoryprinciple,phase-changematerials,majoradvantages,designofdevicestructure,currentresearchstateandkeyfabricationtechniqueofdevice.☺Areviewispresentedofphase-changesemiconductormemories,includingtheirprincipleofoperation,majoradvantages,devicestructuredesign,phase-changematerials,currentresearchandkeyfabricationtechniques.Maintext•Introduction•Theory•Experiment•Resultsanddiscussion•ConclusionIntroduction•一定要充分引用前人的工作–接受后校样中可加Noteaddedinproof•用被动式或we,不用one•时态:介绍过去的工作用简单过去时Inourpreviouswork,wehavestudiedthephasestabilityandsitepreferenceof…,theresultsareingoodagreementwithexperimentalresults☺Inourpreviousworkwestudiedthephasestabilityandsitepreference…,andobtainedgoodagreementwithexperimentalresults时态•时态–正文、理论：现在时–实验：具体步骤可用简单过去时–解释图表：现在时–讨论：现在时Weproposeanewmethodfortherealizationof…Wehavedemonstratedforthefirsttime…Acknowledgments•不能漏掉细节（仪器型号）•可以不用Professor…TheauthorswouldliketothankthestimulatingdiscussionswithProfessorsF.M.…attheUniversityof…☺TheauthorswouldliketothankF.M.…oftheUniversityof…•感谢基金资助：ThisworkissupportedbyNational973ProjectTG200…，NSFofChina☺ThisworkwassupportedbytheNationalProgramforBasicResearchinChina(GrantNo.TG200…),theNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina…References•按期刊要求•写法要一致A.Smith,JohnBrown,JianguoLi,T.Zhang•最好写所有作者，注意etal可否用•标点符号：标点符号后、括弧前空格A.B.Smith,Phys.Rev.A,44456(1991)☺A.B.Smith,Phys.Rev.A,44456(1991)Figures•引用他人图表一定要说明(fromRef.4)（写毕业论文时特别注意，包括摘自自己文章的图！）•实验曲线应有误差杠Coincidencecountscoincidencecounts•坐标单位括弧前空格x1(mm)Figurecaptions•要详尽，让人不用看正文就能看明白图•但不要重复词句•第一个字不用冠词Fig.5.Thedependenceofcohesiveenergyonthecontentof…☺Fig.5.Dependenceofcohesiveenergyon…☺Fig.5.Cohesiveenergyv.contentofT•versus或v.或vs.格式与文法句子首字•不能用符号、数值新开句THzspectroscopyasanewlydevelopedtechniquehasbeenmadealotofprogressinaviation,lifescienceandsafetyinspection.☺ThenewlydevelopedtechniqueofTHzspectroscopyhasmademuchprogressinaviation,lifescienceandsafetyinspection.句子首字•And,So,But,Because是连接词，不能用于句子首字!!Theexternalnoiseinterferencewasbeyondourcontrol.Sowehadto…☺Theexternalnoiseinterferencewasbeyondourcontrol,sowehadto…除非特殊情况需要强调：☺Becauseofexternalnoiseinterferencebeyondourcontrol,wehadto…AbbreviationsandCapitalLetters缩写与大写•尽量少用缩写半导体激光器泵浦LDpumped☺Diodepumped•缩写第一次出现就定义，但只用一次就不要缩写Wigner(W)state，•常用缩写也要定义：CCD,TTL•摘要已定义的缩写在正文中还要重新定义AbbreviationsandCapitalLetters缩写与大写•不要随便用大写只有由人名命名的单位应大写KV,Km☺kV,km,kHz,MHz•“…等等”不要乱翻译为etc,etal“如倍频、下转换、和频、差频等参量过程”“…suchassecondharmonic,downconversion,sumfrequency,anddifferencefrequencygenerationprocesses”cannot和cannot•不能用it’s,can’t,don’t,…要全写itis,cannot,donot,…•...thedisplacementmeasurementscannotonlybeconsideredasaGaussiansingle-parameterestimationtechnique,butrepeatedmeasurementsoftheparametercanalsoyield...Punctuation标点符号，不要逗号满天飞；用得恰当很有效空格.句号后面一定空格(前面要空格☺Thevariationwithpressure(seeFig.2)Hyphen(-),en(–)andem(—)•hyphen(-)连字符e-mailaddress,three-dimensional•en(–)半身长？Hartree–Fock,Geiger–Müller,spin–orbit1–10,200–300eV,pp3–12•em(—)全身长度Aquantum—Thesmallestunitofenergy公式后面注意标点符号摘要例子国际医学物理学的新发展文章评述国际医学物理学近60年的新发展，着重介绍数字影像物理学和放射治疗物理学的新进展及其对临床应用高新医疗器械的重要作用，并谈及其对中国医学物理学发展的启示。TheNewDevelopmentoftheInternationalMedicalPhysicsThispaperreviewsthenewdevelopmentandgreatsuccessesoftheInternationalMedicalPhysics,especiallyintroducingthenewadvancesofDigitalImagingPhysics,RadiationTherapyPhysicsandtheimportanceoftheirapplicationsinproducingHigh-TecMedicalDevicesandClinicaltreatment.Andalsotalksaboutitsrevealtot