基础摄影课PPT

BasicPhotographyThe6ThingsToKnow•Knowyourcamera•Holdthecamerastill•The2-secondrule•Takeafewmore•Tella“story”•Capturethe“mood”C.E.L.L.•Composition•Exposure•Lens•LightCompositionPrinciple1Un-clutterthepicture.Zoomin.Agoodphotographisasubject,acontext,andnothingelse.Removeanyclutterthatdetractsfromyourmessage.Getcloser--zoomin--andcropastightlyaspossibleCompositionPrinciple2Putsubjectoff-centre/RuleofthirdsThecenteroftheframeistheweakestplace--it'sstatic,dull,andgivesnovaluetothecontext.Themoreyoumovethesubjectawayfromthecenter,themorerelevanceyougivetothecontextunlessit’sareflectionCompositionPrinciple3Useofframes,lines&diagonalsCreateimpactbyusingframesandrealorinferredlinesthatleadtheviewer'seyeintoandaroundthepictureCompositionPrinciple4DramaticPerspectiveCreateimpactbyphotographingyoursubjectsfromunexpectedangles.Imagineyourselfasanelectronspinningaroundthesubject,whichisthenucleusofanatomExposure•Aperture•Shutterspeed•ISOAperture:GeneralRulesandtips•Alargerlensopening(f1.8-3.5)offersthefollowingadvantages:–Allowsyoutoshootmoreoftenwithjustnaturallightinghelpstoreduceharshshadowsandred-eyecausedbyflash.–Allowsmorelighttopassthrough,thecamerawillbeabletochooseaslightlyhighershutterspeedhelpstoreducemotionblur.–Helpstoreducedepth-of-field“(foreffect).AperturePrincipleAffectdepthoffield(rangeofdistanceinfocus)Whenshootingalandscape,asmuchofthephotographinsharpfocusaspossible(f11tof22).Inaportrait,shallowerdof(f2.8-8)willisolateyoursubjectfromdistractingbackgroundsShutterspeed:GeneralRulesandtips•Tocaptureblur-freeactionphotographs(e.g.Sports),youneedtomakesurethecameraisusingahighshutterspeed,e.g.1/125thofasecondormore.•Lesslightgetsthroughtotheimagerasshutterspeedisincreased,thusdifficulttousehighershutterspeedsinlowerlightsituations.•Alternatives:Allowmorelighttopassthroughthelens(largeraperturesetting),theotheristoincreasetheISOShutterSpeedPrincipleFreezingmotion(achievethedesiredeffect)Absolutelysharpimagesarenotalwaysthebest.Theycanlookstaticanddull.Atslowshutterspeedsthecamerablurstheimageofmovingobjects,andcancreateamoreconvincingimageofmovement.ISO:GeneralRulesandtips•ISOsettingsareoftenratedat100,200,400,800,1600,andeven3200onsomemodels•UseanISOof100or200whentakingphotographsoutsideinsunnyconditions.•Iftheskyisovercastoritiseveningtime,orinadarkenedroom,thenuseanISOwithintherangeof400to800.•NighttimeorincasesoflowlightyoumightneedtosetyourdigitalcameraISOto1600.Ifnotyourphotowillappeartoodark,ifatall.ISOSettingPrincipleSetthelowestsettingpossibletoavoidnoiseISOmeasuresthesensitivityoftheimagesensor.Thelowerthenumberthelesssensitiveyourcameraistolightandthefinerthegrain.ISO100ISO3200LensPrincipleWideAngle(35mm)orTelephoto(70mm)Wide-anglelensesallowmoreofapicturetobecaptured(needfocalpoint)whiletelephotolensestightenthesceneandisolatethesubject(butaffectthedepthoffield&increasecamerashake)LightPrinciple1Avoidusingflash,evenfornightshotsTheindiscriminateblastofflashdestroystheintimatemoodofexistinglightLightPrinciple2SideLightinginsteadoffrontoroverhead(noon-time)lightingTheuseoffrontalflashlightingtendstoflattenfaces.Usesidelightingasmuchaspossible,evenmovingyoursubject,ifnecessary,nexttoawindow.LightPrinciple3Usefill-inflash,forbacklitsituationsoroverheadsun.Overheadsuncreatesdarkeyesocketsandunattractiveshadows,whichcanbereducedbyusingaflash.Usefill-inflashalsoforsituationswherethesubjectisbacklit(cameraautoexposurewillbeconfused)•••••