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条件状语从句一、定义在某种条件下,可能发生某事。而由if/unless引导的表示条件的句子,就叫条件状语从句。eg:Ifyougetupearly,youwillcatchthebus.如果你早起就会赶上公共汽车Ifyouputwoodintowater,itfloats.如果你把木头放在水里,它就会随水漂流二、时态Weuseifsentencetotalkaboutpossibleactionsandtheresultsofthoseactions.Anifsentencehastwopartscalledclauses.Eachclausecontainsaverb.Ifyoutakeafishoutofwater,itdies.Possibleactionresult一般现在时Insomeifsentences,thetensesofbothverbsarethesame.Hereactionshaveresultsthatwillcertainlyhappen.情况11.当主句和从句所表示的是原理、客观真理、规则时,主句是一般现在时(补充:包括祈使句和含有情态动词can/may/must等),从句也要用一般现在时。例如:1)Ifyouputapieceofpaperintowater,itgetswet.如果你把一张纸放进水中,它会变湿。(原理)2)Becarefulifyoucrosstheroad.(祈使句)3)Youmustseethedoctorifyouareill.(含有情态动词)Ifyoulookitupinthedictionary,you’llfindout.Possibleactionresult一般现在时Inotherifsentences,thetensesofbothverbsaredifferent.Theverbintheifclauseisinthesimplepresenttense.Theverbintheotherclauseisinthesimplefuturetense.Hereactionshaveresultsthatwillprobablyhappen.一般将来时情况二2.在if条件状语从句中,如果从句谈论的是一个可能发生的事实及其产生的相关结果,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。eg:1)Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillnotgotothezoo.2)Ifyougotobedearlier,youwon'tfeeltiredinthemorning.3.如果从句用现在进行时或现在完成时,主句需用一般将来时。1)IfyouarelookingforPeteryou’llfindhimupstairs.如果你是在找彼得,上楼就会找到他。2)IfyouhavefinisheddinnerI’llaskthewaiterforthebill.如果你吃完了,我就叫服务生来算账。4.if从句还可以表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时,主句则用虚拟语气。Forexample:1)IfIwereyou,Iwouldinvitehimtotheparty.2)IwouldhavearrivedmuchearlierifIhadnotbeencaughtinthetraffic.5.Inifsentences,theifclausecancomefirstorsecond.Whentheifclauseisfirst,thereisalwaysacommaafterit.Example:Ifyoucoolwater,itturnsintoice.Waterturnsintoiceifyoucoolit.在条件状语从句中,if从句既可以放在句首也可以放在句尾,当从句放在句首时一般会在从句后加一个逗号三、转换1、当主语是you时,if引导的条件状语从句可与“祈使句+and/or+简单句”进行句型转换。and表示句意顺承;or表示转折,意为“否则”。例如:Takecare,oryou'llfalloffthetree.小心,否则你会从树上掉下来。=Ifyoudon'ttakecare,you'llfalloffthetree.2、unless=if…notunless也可引导条件状语从句,相当于if...not,意思是“如果不、除非”。Example:Unlessyoukeepice-creaminafridge,itmelts.Ifyoudonotkeepice-creaminafridge,itmelts.Wecanputclauseswithunlessorif…notfirstorsecond.Example:Ice-creammeltsUnlessyoukeepitinafridge.Ice-creammeltsIfyoudonotkeepitinafridge.四、其他引导词除了if之外,还有其他连词可以引导条件状语从句,这些词由于出现的频率小,且用法较复杂一些,所以不如if为大家所熟知罢了。下面就这些词的用法做一介绍。1.unless.除非;若不;如果不……;除非在……时候1.Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。2.Unlessbadweatherstopsme,Igoforawalkeverymorning.除非天气不好,我每天早晨都要去散步。3.Iwon‘tloanyouunlessyouareinextremeneedofmoney.若不是你急需用钱,我不会借钱给你的。2.onconditionthat.只有在……条件下,以……为条件onconditionthat引导的条件从句是主句中事件发生的前提条件或唯一条件。Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保守秘密。Youcanpassthecustomonconditionthatwehavecheckedyourluggage.你可以通过海关,但条件是我们得检查完你的行李。3.supposing(that)conj.假若,倘若supposing引导的从句表示一种假设条件。通常在句首Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?倘若下雨,我们的运动会还会继续进行吗?Supposingthestocksoffoodrunout,whatshallwedo?假若储备的食品都吃光了,我们怎么办呢?4.providedthat…./providing(that)conj.假若provided/providing+(that)从句表示一种假设条件。Hewillsignthecontractprovided(that)weoffermorefavorableterms.如果我们提出更优惠的条件,他就会在合同上签字。Hewon'tbeagainstusinthemeetingproviding(that)weaskforhisadviceinadvance.如果我们提前征求一下他的意见,他就不在会上反对我们。5.as(so)longas….“只要…,就…”表示一种前提条件You’llsucceedas(so)longas(ifonly)youtryhard.只要你努力,你就会成功。Thanksforwatching!!!
本文标题:条件状语从句剖析
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