人教版高一英语必修一unit1词汇解析和练习题

unit1friendship词汇讲解1、surveyn.调查，概述；v.测量，检查；surveyorn.测量员，检察员(1).makeasurveyofsth.调查…(2).surveysth.调查，评述，检查surveytheequipment检查设备Eg:a.Arecentsurveyshowedmostofthosequestionedwerefortheplan.最近的民意测验显示大多数调查对象同意这项计划。b.Thegovernorsurveyedthedamagecausedbythetsunami.州长查看了海啸引起的破坏情况。2、addv.增加，增添additionn.附加物additionaladj.附加的addupsth把……加起来addsthtosth把……加到……addtosth=increase增加了。。。相当于increase或raise.addupto合计；总共addin包括……;算进inadditionto除……之外e.g.Headdedsomesugartothecoffee.他给咖啡里加了些糖。Thebadweatheraddedtoourdifficulty.坏天气增加了我们的困难。Headdedthathewassatisfiedwiththetalk.它补充说他对会谈很满意。e.g.ShallIaddyournametothelist?我可以把你的名字写进名单吗？Anewwingwasaddedtothebuilding.这座大楼新添了一座边房。pointn.要点，尖端，含义；v.指出pointlessadj.无意义的，无益的(1).cometothepointof到了……地步tothepointof达到……的程度beonthepointofdoing正要做……Thereisnopointin…没必要/没意义做……boilingpoint沸点.pointat指向……非善意地用手指某人pointto指向……表示指针指向、证据表明、建筑物的朝向等e.g.Thehousepointstothesea.那所房子面向大海。（3）.pointoutsthtosb.向某人指出某事pointoutthat…指出……pointsthto/atsb.把……对着某人e.g.a.Thepointisthatyoushouldn’thavetowaitsolongtoseeadoctor.关键是看病不应等那么久。b.Hepointedtothespotwherethehouseusedtostand.他指着那所房子原来所在的地方。upsetv.使不安，打乱adj.心烦意乱的(1).upsetsb.使某人不安upsettheplan搅乱了计划upsetthecup打翻了杯子Itupsetssbthat让某人心烦的是……Itupsetssbtodosth做……使某人不快。(2).beupsetabout对……赶到心烦e.g.a.Hisstrangebehaviorupsethisfather.他的奇怪行径困扰着他父亲。b.Iunderstandhowupsetyoumustbefeeling.我理解你心里有多难受。近义词辨析(1).upset指由于某事的发生而心烦意乱。(2).nervous在做某事的过程中紧张害怕的感觉。(3).anxious因担心某事的发生或不发生而焦虑不安。5、concernn.担心，关心，关系；v.涉及，有关concernedadj.有关的；担心的(1).show/expressconcernabout/for对……表示关心/担心haveconcernwith和……有关系withconcern关切地(2).concernoneselfabout/for担忧/关心……concernoneselfwith从事，参与……concernsb./sth与……有关（3）.beconcernedabout/over/for关心；挂念as/sofaras…beconcerned就……而言e.g.AsfarasI’mconcerned,thesooner,thebetter.就我而言，越快越好。ThereisgrowingconcernaboutviolenceonTV.人们对电视上的暴力内容日见担忧。Don’tbeinvolvedinwhatdoesn’tconcernyou.不要管那些与你无关的事。cheatv.欺骗,作弊n.骗子,作弊者cheatsb.(out)ofsth骗取某人某物cheatsb.intodoingsth骗某人做……cheatsb.intothebeliefthat骗某人相信catchsb.cheatinginanexam作弊被抓eg.Heisaccusedofcheatingthetaxman.他被控欺骗税务员.eg.Thetwocheatssetuptowlooms.这两个骗子支起两架织布机.7、seriesn.一系列,连续serialn.连续剧,连载小说aseriesof一连串的,一系列的aTVseries一部电视连续剧inseries连续,一系列地e.g.aseriesofaccidents一连串事故aseriesofarticles一系列文章Therehasbeenaseriesofaccidentsatthecrossing.在那个十字路口曾经发生过一连串的事故.8、naturen.大自然,自然界，本性,性情，性质,种类thelawofnature自然法则thebalanceofnature生态平衡thebeautyofnature大自然之美humannature人性bynature天生地againstnature违反自然地inastateofnature处于未开化的状态amanofgentlenature性情温和的人bedifferentinnature性质不同it’snaturalthat=it’snaturalforsb.todosth做……是当然的e.g.It’snaturalthatweshouldcarryouttheplan.=it‘snaturalforustocarryouttheplan.这个计划是当然的.9、powdern.能量,力量,权力powerfuladj.强有力的powerlessadj.无力的,无权的eg.Carrythisluggagerequiresalotofpower.搬运这件行李需要很大的力气.underone’sownpower凭借自身的力量havethepowertodosth具有……的能力beyond/outofone’spower力所不能及的sufferv.遭受,忍受sufferingn.痛苦,苦难sufferern.受难者,患者sufferpain/loss/defeat/punishment/hardship遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难sufferfromabadcold患重感冒sufferforsth.为……而受苦eg.Thecitysufferedserousdamagefromtheearthquake.城市因地震遭受严重破坏.purposen.目的,意图purposefuladj.有目的的,故意的purposelessadj.无目的的purposelyadv.特意地,故意地onpurpose故意地forthepurposeof为了……的目的withthepurposeof抱着……的目的one’spurposeindoingsth.某人做……的目的eg.ForwhatpurposedidhegotoAfrica?他去非洲的目的何在?advicen.劝告,建议advisev.建议adviser/advisorn.建议者,顾问give/offersb.someadviceon就……给某人提建议asksb.foradcice征求某人的意见follow/takeone’sadvice接受某人的建议on/uponone’sadcice听某人的劝告advisesb.todosth建议某人做……advisesb.nottodosth=adcisesb.againstdoingsth建议某人不要做……advisedoingsth建议做……advisethat建议……advisesb.on向某人提…..建议eg.Hegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage.他就如何学习外语给我们提了一些建议.13、effortn.努力effortlessadj.不费力的makeanefforttodo努力做……=makeeveryefforttodo=makegrateffortstodowithouteffort毫不费力地eg.Youshouldputmoreeffortintoyourwork.你应该更加努力地工作.14、habitn.习惯,习性develop/formthehabitof=buildupthehabitof养成……的习惯fall/getintothehabitof染上……的习惯beinthehabitof=havethehabitof有……的习惯getsb.intothehabitof使某人养成…..的习惯getoutofthehabitof=giveupthehabitof=kick/break/dropthehabitof戒除…….的习惯eg.Youneedtochangeyoureatinghabits.你需要改变饮食习惯.课文短语:gothrough通过;经受;仔细检查;完成getthrough完成,通过lookthrough浏览Thenewlawhasgonethrough.新的法律已经通过了.Theteacherwentthroughallthestudents’homework.老师将学生的作业仔细的检查了一遍.2.hideaway躲避,隐蔽eg.a.Thethiefhidawayinthewoodsforaweek.小偷在树林里隐藏了一周.setdown记下，放下,认为,归因于……setdown(doing)sth着手(做)某事setouttodosth.着手做某事setoff动身,引爆setup竖起,创设,开办注:表示”记下,写下”时setdown=putdown=writedown=getdowneg.a.Setdownhisnameandaddress.记下他的名字和地址.b.Hesetdownthebookonthetable.他把书放在桌上.c.Isetthemandownasasoldier.我以为那人是个士兵.d.Isetdownhisbadtempertohishealth.我认为他的坏脾气是由于身体的原因.4.dowith处理,与…..有关havesth.todowith与……有关havenothingtodowith与……无关havemuch/alotoftodowith与……有很大关系Whattodowithhiscamelhowtodealwithhiscameldowithout没有……也行eg.Ifthere’snoneleftwe’llhavetodowithout.如果没有剩余的我们就只得将就了。Hedidn’tkowwhattodowithhiscamel.他不知如何处置他的骆驼.5.facetoface(with)面对面地hearttoheart心贴心地,坦诚地shouldertoshoulder肩并肩地handinhand手拉手地arminarm臂挽臂地sidebyside并排地backtoback背靠背地fromdoortodoor挨门挨户地frommouthtomouth口口相传地fromlefttoright从左到右地fromgenerationtogeneration一代一代地fromheadtofoot从头到脚fromtimetotime不时地同步练习一、单词拼写：1、Shewasreally